Chemistry Final:: CHAPTER 3

Question 1

Define Solution

Answer 1

a well mixed mixture that contains a solvent and at least one solute

Question 2

Define Solvent

Answer 2

part of a solution that is present in the largest amount

Question 3

Define Solute

Answer 3

the substance that is present in a solution in the smaller amount and is dissolved by the solvent

Question 4

Give an example of a Solution

Answer 4

tea

Question 5

Give an example of a Solvent

Answer 5

Water

Question 6

Give an example of a solute

Answer 6

tea bags/leaves, milk, cream, cofffee grounds,

Question 7

What state of matter are solvents?

Answer 7

They can be any state of matter

Question 8

Define Suspension

Answer 8

a mixture in which particles can be seen or easily separated by settling or filtration

Question 9

Give an example of a suspension

Answer 9

Snowglobe, oil in water

Question 10

Define Colloid

Answer 10

A mixture containing small undissolved particles that do not settle out

Question 11

Give an example of a colloid

Answer 11

fog, paint, shaving cream

Question 12

What is Concentration

Answer 12

the amount of one material in a certain volume of another material

Question 13

How can you change the concentration?

Answer 13

You can change the concentration of a solution by adding more solute
Another way you can change it is by adding more solvent or removing the solvent depending on what the mixture is

Question 14

How do you measure and calculate concentration?

Answer 14

Solute over Solvent = c over 100

Question 15

What would be a formula to measure concentration

Answer 15

Proportion: Let c equal concentration. Amount of solute/amount of solvent or solution = c/100

Question 16

Define solubility

Answer 16

is a measure of how much solute can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature

Question 17

Define Saturated Solution:

Answer 17

no more solute will dissolve in the solvent, and the particles may float.

Question 18

Define Unsaturated Solution:

Answer 18

lots of solute will still dissolve in the solvent.

Question 19

Which can dissolve more in water: salt or sugar?

Answer 19

Sugar because it has a higher solubility

Question 20

How can you use solubility? 2 reasons

Answer 20

Solubility can be used to help identify a substance because it is a characteristic property of matter
You can also calculate the solubility of a substance to identify what it is

Question 21

What is the universal solvent

Answer 21

Water

Question 22

What factors affect solubility?

Answer 22

the nature of the solute and solvent, temperature, pressure (especially for gases), and surface area of the solute.

Question 23

What are the four properties of acids

Answer 23

1. Sour taste
2. Reactions with Carbonates
3. Blue litmus paper turns red
4. Reactions with indicators
5. Reactions with metals

Question 24

What are the four properties of bases?

Answer 24

1. Taste bitter
2. Feel slippery
3. Reactions with indicators
4. Red litmus paper turns blue

Question 25

What are some uses of acids and bases?

Answer 25

Uses of acids: construction, mining, housework, gardening Uses of bases: Cleaning chemicals, making food, gardening, construction

Question 26

What kinds of ions do acids and bases form in water? Acids

Answer 26

Hydrogen ions Negative ions

Question 27

What kinds of ions do acids and bases form in water? Bases

Answer 27

Positive ions Hydroxide ions which is a negative ion

Question 28

How do you determine whether something is an acid or base just by looking at the formula?

Answer 28

The formulas give you clues to what ions they have in common

Question 29

How can you find a substance’s pH?

Answer 29

Use either a pH meter for a precise reading or pH test paper or indicator sticks for a quick, less precise estimate

Question 30

What does the pH tell you?

Answer 30

The pH scale tells you that the concentration of hydrogen ions is high In contrast, a high pH tells you that the concentration of ions is low

Question 31

What are some examples of acids

Answer 31

Lemon juice Vinegar Tomatoes Sodas Leafy Vegetables

Question 32

What are some examples of bases?

Answer 32

Baking soda Toothpaste Dishwash soap

Question 33

What are the reactants and products in a neutralization reaction?

Answer 33

Reactants: acids and bases Product: salt and water

Question 34

How can you predict if a substance will be more acidic or basic when a neutralization reaction occurs?

Answer 34

Look at the pH.

Question 35

What is the pH scale between? And what are the ions?

Answer 35

0-6: acid Negative Hydrgoen Ions 7: Nuetral 8-14: base: hydroxide/positive ions