Chemistry in Biology

Question 1

carbon

Answer 1

4 electrons, 4 covalent bonds, hydrophobic (equal, non-polar) or hydrophilic (unequal, polar), attaches to itself forming chains

Question 2

polymers

Answer 2

made up of monomers

Question 3

monomers

Answer 3

single unit

Question 4

carbohydrate monomer

Answer 4

saccharide

Question 5

monosaccharide

Answer 5

one unit of sugar

Question 6

disaccharide

Answer 6

2 units

Question 7

polysaccharide

Answer 7

3 or more units

Question 8

starch

Answer 8

simplest polysaccharide; used for food storage in plants

Question 9

glycogen

Answer 9

energy storage in animals

Question 10

cellulose

Answer 10

plant cell wall structure

Question 11

chitin

Answer 11

exoskeleton; fungi cell wall

Question 12

Lipids

Answer 12

hydrophobic; fatty acids and glycerol monomers

Question 13

fats and oils

Answer 13

single glycerol + 3 fatty acids

Question 14

saturated fatty acid

Answer 14

no double bond, solid

Question 15

unsaturated fatty acid

Answer 15

double bond, liquid

Question 16

cis-double bond

Answer 16

bended chain

Question 17

trans-double bond

Answer 17

straight chain

Question 18

phospholipids

Answer 18

glycerol + 2 fatty acids + phosphate group, hydrophilic head, hydrophobic tail,

Question 19

wall formation

Answer 19

heads on outside, tails on inside

Question 20

steroids

Answer 20

mostly carbon and hydrogen

Question 21

hormones

Answer 21

estrogen, testosterone

Question 22

Protein monomer and polymer

Answer 22

monomer- amino acids; polymer- polypeptides

Question 23

levels

Answer 23

primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

Question 24

primary level

Answer 24

arrangement of amino acids in a chain

Question 25

secondary level

Answer 25

spiral or fan

Question 26

tertiary level

Answer 26

arrangement of secondary structures

Question 27

quaternary level

Answer 27

multiple proteins arranged in a certain order

Question 28

denaturation

Answer 28

protein unravels and loses its shape

Question 29

nucleic acid monomer

Answer 29

nucleotide

Question 30

nucleotide

Answer 30

nitrogen base + pentose sugar + phosphate

Question 31

DNA

Answer 31

double helix, 2 nucleotide strands

Question 32

ATP

Answer 32

adenine base + ribose sugar + 3 phosphate (tri phosphate) most energy stored

Question 33

central dogma

Answer 33

DNA (transcription) > RNA (translation) > Protein (carries out instructions)

Question 34

ADP

Answer 34

adenine diphosphate- less energy stored

Question 35

AMP

Answer 35

adenine monophosphate little energy stored