Chemistry of Drugs Week 20 Flashcards
(29 cards)
What is the British Pharmacopoeia?
a reference book which provides a set of official standards for medicine and drugs
What is the point of the British Pharmacopoeia?
to ensure patient safety and regulatory compliance
What is a monograph?
a description of an individual substance including:
- preparation
- testing procedure
- acceptable limits of impurities
What type of analysis is UV/vis?
quantitative - UV/vis can determine the concentration of substance present
What is absorbance proportional to?
concentration - can plot a calibration curve
How does UV/vis spectroscopy work?
it is high energy that excites electrons causing electronic transitions and electrons ‘absorb’ energy, which is detected
How does infrared spectroscopy (IR) work?
it is lower in energy and excites BONDS causing molecular vibrations (bending + stretching)
What type of analysis does IR give?
qualitative - tells you if something is there or not
What are the 4 types of bond vibrations?
rocking, scissor, wagging, twist
What is the most useful part of an IR spectra and why?
the fingerprint region - it is unique to a molecule and is used in the BP to confirm the identity of a compound
What are some characteristic peaks that IR can show?
broad peak = OH or NH
C-H give sharp peaks
C=O has a distinct peak
define spectroscopy
the study how matter interacts with EM radiation - a theory
define spectrometry
the application of spectroscopy to get results - practical
define spectrometer
the instrument used to measure in spectrometry
define mass spectrometry
an analytical technique used to measure the mass of a charged ion
What is the ‘nitrogen rule’?
- compounds containing C,H, N, O, S and halogens have EVEN molecular weights
- compounds containing an ODD number of nitrogen atoms are ODD
What is the LD50 of a compound?
the amount required to kill 50% of a group of a species
How many FDA/MDA approved drugs are of natural origin?
about 25%
What are the 3 main sources of drugs?
- natural source
- semi-synthetic
- synthetic
What is a common purification technique?
chromatography
define chromatography
the separation of a mixture by passing it through a medium where the components move at different rates due to different affinities for the mobile and stationary phase
What is the stationary and mobile phase in thin layer chromatography?
stationary phase = silica gel
mobile phase = solvent
Do polar substances move faster or slower up the TLC plate than non-polar ones?
NO - polar substances form hydrogen bonds with the silica gel and move slower
What are ways to visualise spots on a TLC plate?
UV chromaphore, staining, chemical tests
