Chemistry of life Flashcards
(23 cards)
Define Matter
A substance that occupies space and has mass
Define Element
One of the basic building blocks of matter which cannot be broken down by chemical means
Define Atom
The smallest unit of an element that still retains the chemical and physical properties of the element
how many naturally occurring elements are there?
92
Most living organisms are composed of what 4 elements?
-Carbon
-Nitrogen
-Oxygen
-Hydrogen
Compounds
Unique combinations of 2 or more elements
Shuffling/rearranging of atoms is called?
a chemical reaction
What charge does a electron have?
( - ) Negative
What charge does a Proton have?
( + ) Positive
What charge does a Neutron have?
None, Neutral
Atomic mass
the SUM of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
Atomic Number
The number of protons present in the nucleus
- Gives the element its unique properties
Noble gases have ___?
Full outer electron shells
What are the four elements essential to life?
Hydrogen, Carbon, Nitrogen, & Oxygen
Radioactive isotopes are?
Isotopes with unstable nuclei emitting radiation or radiant energy
- REMEMBER elements as they appear on the periodic table are neutral
What drives chemical bonding
An atoms incomplete outer electron shell
name 2 rules concerning all types of chemical bonds
- Chemical bonding results in a full outer shell of electrons of the atoms or ions involved.
- Chemical bonding results in a neutral compound.
Chemical Bonding
The ability of an uncombined atom to combine with other atoms thus forming a new compound or molecule
Ionic Bond
Electron transfer between ions of opposite charge.
*Metal - nonmetal
Covalent Bond
Electron sharing between like or unlike atoms.
*Nonmetal - Nonmetal
Hydrogen bond
A special bond that occurs between molecules hydrogen in one molecule bonds with flourine, nitrogen or oxygen in a different molecule.
*Polar molecule - Polar molecule
Ionic Bonding
is the attraction between ions of opposite charge
