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3703 > Chemistry of medicinal natural products- alkaloids > Flashcards

Chemistry of medicinal natural products- alkaloids Flashcards

1
Q

The fungus that causes St Anthony’s fire

A

Ergot

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2
Q

The alkaloids that come from ergot

A

Ergotamine
Ergocornine
Ergocristine
Ergometrine

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3
Q

Alkaloids from ergot that are used as medication

A

Ergotamine for acute migraine
Ergometrine for post partem bleeding

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4
Q

Which hallucinogenic drug comes from Ergot

A

LSD/acid

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5
Q

Tropane alkaloids

A

Hyoscyamine and atropine

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6
Q

Mechanism of action of atropine and hyoscyamine

A

Block the action of acetylcholine in saliva, stomach secretions, heart muscle, smooth muscle

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7
Q

Link between atropine and hyoscyamine with nerve agent poisoning

A

Reduces the effect by blocking acetylcholine receptors causes relaxation of muscles

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8
Q

Why does ipatropium (tropane alkaloid) not cross the blood brain barrier

A

It is a quaternary ammonium salt so it stays where administered

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9
Q

Hyoscine hydrobromide/ Scopolamine treats

A

Hypersalivation
Excessive respiratory secretion
Motion sickness
Bowel colic

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10
Q

Side effects of hyoscine hydrobromide/ tropane alkaloids

A

Dry mouth
Constipation
Dizziness
Drowsiness

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11
Q

How is hyoscine/scopolamine administered

A

Through skin/transdermal

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12
Q

Why are synthetic analogues of cocaine made

A

Used for pain because they are less addictive

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13
Q

What similarity do opioid peptides have

A

The first 5 amino acids in the chain are the same

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14
Q

What plant does morphine come from

A

Opium poppy

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15
Q

What is the other name for diamorphine

A

Heroin

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16
Q

What happens when codeine is metabolised in the liver

A

Converts into morphine

17
Q

Which group is removed when codeine becomes morphine

A

Methyl group

18
Q

Strategies used to make morphine analogues

A

Simplification
Drug extension
Rigidification

19
Q

What is simplification of morphine

A

Removal of rings to make new compounds

20
Q

What is drug extension of morphine

A

Extra binding groups are added to allow more binding on receptor surfaces

21
Q

What does nalaxone do

A

It is an antagonist used for morphine overdose

3703 (13 decks)

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