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Anatomy > Chemistry of the Body > Flashcards

Chemistry of the Body Flashcards

1
Q

Chemistry

A

Study of the composition of substances and the changes in their composition

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2
Q

Biochemistry

A

Study of the chemistry of living things

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3
Q

The Atom

A

Basic building block for all matter (e.g. Solid , Liquid, Gas)

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4
Q

Components of the Atomic Structure

A

a. Electrons
b. Protons
c. Neutrons

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5
Q

Electrons (e-)

A

Negatively charged particles that travel around the nucleus

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6
Q

Protons

A

Positively charged particles found in the nucleus

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7
Q

Neutrons

A

Particles without a charge that are found in the nucleus

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8
Q

Atomic Number

A

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of a specific element

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9
Q

Mass Number

A

The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

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10
Q

“Complete Atom”

A

Electrically neutral meaning the number of protons equal the number of neutrons

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11
Q

Effects of the Variation of the Structure of Atoms

A

Each atom will have unique physical and chemical properties

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12
Q

Elements

A

Simplest chemical groupings that have unique properties

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13
Q

What is defined by the Atomic Structure?

A
  • Physical Characteristics (e.g. Mass, Color)

- Chemical Characteristics (e.g. Bonding Patterns with other Atoms)

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14
Q

How many naturally occurring elements are there?

A

-91 Naturally Occurring Elements

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15
Q

Atomic Symbols

A

One of two letter abbreviations for an element

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16
Q

C

A

Carbon

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17
Q

O

A

Oxygen

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18
Q

N

A

Nitrogen

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19
Q

H

A

Hydrogen

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20
Q

P

A

Phosphorus

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21
Q

S

A

Sulfur

22
Q

Ca

A

Calcium

23
Q

Mg

A

Magnesium

24
Q

Na

A

Sodium

25
Q

K

A

Potassium

26
Q

Cl

A

Chlorine

27
Q

Periodic Table

A

Lists the elements and groups them by their properties

28
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms having the same atomic number, but different mass numbers

29
Q

Radioisotopes

A
  • Isotopes with extra neurons
  • Tend to be atomically unstable
  • Release radiation which can damage cells
30
Q

Half-life

A

The time it takes for a radioisotope to lose half its radioactivity

31
Q

Uses of Isotopes

A
  • Diagnoses of disease (Iodide-131 for thyroid problems)
  • Destruction of cancer cells (Cobalt-60 or Radium-226)
  • Following the path of an atom in a chemical reactions (Hydrogen-3 (Tritium) or Carbon-14)
32
Q

Atomic Weight

A
  • Average of all the mass numbers of all the isotopes of an element
  • Corrected for each isotope’s abundance in nature
33
Q

Chemical Bonds

A

Attractions/links that hold atoms together

-Allows atoms to form molecules

34
Q

Ionic Bonds

A

Positively and negatively charged atoms attract

35
Q

Cation

A

Any positively charged ion

36
Q

Anion

A

Any negatively charged ion

37
Q

Covalent Bond

A
  • Two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons

- Strongest of all bonds

38
Q

Types of Covalent Bonds

A
  • Nonpolar Covalent Bonds

- Polar Covalent Bonds

39
Q

Nonpolar Covalent Bonds

A

Electrons are shared equally (Methane)

40
Q

Polar Covalent Bond

A

Electrons are shared unequally and occurs with N and O most often. (Water)

41
Q

Hydrogen Bonds

A
  • The hydrogen atom attached to one slightly negatively charged atom is attracted to another slightly negatively charged atom. (e.g. N and O)
  • Seen with Water, Proteins, and DNA
42
Q

Chemical Reactions

A

Instance in which chemical bonds are formed, broken, or rearranged

43
Q

Molecular Formulas

A
  • Shorthand abbreviations of molecules that show what they contain
  • Subscripts show the number of atoms in the molecule
44
Q

Chemical Equations

A

Illustration of chemical reactions using molecular formulas

45
Q

Synthesis Reactions

A
  • Combining to make something bigger

- Anabolic Reaction = Making Something Bigger

46
Q

Decomposition Reactions

A
  • Breaking something down
  • Catabolic Reaction = Breaking down a larger structure
  • Digesting
47
Q

Exchange Reactions

A

One part of a molecule switches to another molecule

48
Q

Exergonic Reactions

A
  • Release energy, thus produces heat

- Most metabolic processes are this type

49
Q

Endergonic Reactions

A
  • Need energy, can be chemical or heat

- Often used to control a series of chemical reactions in the body

50
Q

Equilibrium

A

Most reactions are reversible, so which way the reaction goes depends on the concentration of all molecules involved

51
Q

Factors Influencing Reaction Rates

A

a. Concentrations
- The higher the concentration of the reactants, the faster the reaction goes
b. Temperature
- Increasing temperature increases the reaction rate
c. Particle Size
- Smaller particles react faster than larger particles
d. Catalysts
- Substances that increase reaction rates without themselves being changed
- Enzymes

52
Q

Enzyme

A

-Biological Catalyst

Anatomy (5 decks)

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