Chemistry Quiz - Isotopes

Question 1

Proton-

Answer 1

A positively charged particle located in the nucleus of an atom.

Question 2

Proton Description

Answer 2

• Protons have slightly less mass than neutrons
• # of the proton determines it’s atomic number

Question 3

Electron-

Answer 3

A negatively charged particle that moves around the nucleus.

Question 4

Electron Description

Answer 4

• The mass of an electron is less than one-thousandth of the mass of a proton

Question 5

Neutron-

Answer 5

A particle with no charge located in the nucleus.

Question 6

Neutron Description

Answer 6

• The slightly more mass than protons
• The # of neutrons id described by the neutron #, N
• To find the number of neutrons subtract the atomic number from the mass #

Question 7

Proton - Charge, Location, Mass

Answer 7

+1, Nucleus, 1

Question 8

Electron - Charge, Location, Mass

Answer 8

-1, Orbit, 0

Question 9

Neutron - Charge, Location, Mass

Answer 9

0, Nucleus, 1

Question 10

Adding protons changes the

Answer 10

element

Question 11

Adding electrons changes the

Answer 11

charge

Question 12

Adding protons/neutrons changes the

Answer 12

mass

Question 13

Arrangement of electrons in shells

Answer 13

1st shell: max. 2 electrons
2nd shell: max. 8 electrons
3rd shell: max. 8 electrons
4th shell: max. 16 electrons

Question 14

Atomic number:

Answer 14

is the number of protons in an atom’s nucleus, each atom has a unique number of protons.

Question 15

Mass number:

Answer 15

is the mass of an atom in atomic mass units (amu), are not whole numbers, is the number of protons and neutrons in an atom’s nucleus.

Question 16

Element Name and Symbol with Mass and Atomic Number

Answer 16

^4
2 He

Question 17

Electrons is = to

Answer 17

the number of protons

Question 18

The number of neutrons =

Answer 18

Mass - #Protons

Question 19

Atomic Mass =

Answer 19

Protons + #Neutrons

Question 20

What is an isotope?

Answer 20

Isotopes are any 2 or more forms of an element, each having the same number of protons but having different atomic masses due to a different number of neutrons.

Question 21

What does the number next to Isotopes signify?

Answer 21

The mass of the isotopes.

Question 22

How can you tell isotopes apart?

Answer 22

Their masses are different.

Question 23

Isotope

Answer 23

Every element has several isotopes. Isotopes are different forms of the same element that differ because they have more or less neutrons. The number of protons always stays the same

Question 24

ISOTOPES:

Answer 24

are any 2 or more forms of an element, each having the same number of protons but having different atomic masses due to a different number of neutrons

Question 25

Isotope Qualties:

Answer 25

- Have the same physical and chemical properties and undergo the same reactions - Some isotopes are unstable or Radioactive (nucleus has a tendency to break apart & eject high energy particles into the atmosphere - Can be dangerous (instability) and useful (human applications)

Question 26

RADIOISOTOPES

Answer 26

Must be treated with Caution because they can release radiation which can: - Damage DNA (i.e., cell division) - Can cause cancer and birth defects

Question 27

TYPES OF RADIOACTIVE PARTICLES

Answer 27

- 3 types of radioactivity producing different penetrating powers: alpha particle ( ɑ), beta particle (𝛃) and gamma ray (𝛄) - Gamma rays are the most damaging and can only be blocked by thick sheets of concrete or lead.

Question 28

APPLICATIONS OF RADIOISOTOPES

Answer 28

Medical, Archeological, Safety, Energy Production

Question 29

Medical Applications

Answer 29

injections of radioactive isotope (IODINE - 135 or Thallium - 201), are used to produce images of internal body organs, so their function can be examined. (i.e, treatment of cancer, heart disease etc).

Question 30

Archeological Applications

Answer 30

CARBON - 14 dating, used to determine the age of artifacts such as dionsaurs by observing the decay rates.

Question 31

Safety Applications

Answer 31

smoke detectors contain the radioisotope AMERICIUM - 241 which creates electrical flows because of charged air molecules. When the smoke enters the detectors, it interferes with the current and the alarm sounds.

Question 32

Energy Production Applications (Nuclear Energy)

Answer 32

Uses Uranium - 235 for Nuclear Fission in radioactive generators. Used to produce electricity in power plants.

Question 33

Average Atomic Mass Formula

Answer 33

Ave At Mass = %a(Ma) + %b(Mb) + %c(Mc) 100 100 100

Question 34

How to write givens for ave atomic mass?

Answer 34

%B - 10.0a = 19.8% %B - 11.0b = 80.2%

Question 35

How to write givens for percentage abundance?

Answer 35

Average Atomic Mass = 107.862m Let X = % Ag a - 105.9192m Let 1 - X = % Ag b - 108.1010m

Question 36

formula for when you don’t have atomic weight for one?

Answer 36

ave. amu = %a (in decimal) (Ma) + %b in decimal) (Missing M) isolate the missing m