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Chemistry > Chemistry summ 1 > Flashcards

Chemistry summ 1 Flashcards

1
Q

is the study of matter and
the changes that matter undergoes

A

Chemistry

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2
Q

Properties of matter according to change involved during measurement of the property

A

Physical and Chemical

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3
Q

According to dependence on the amount of matter

A

Intensive and Extensive

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4
Q

Some properties can be readily measured with our
senses

A

Physical Properties

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5
Q

Describe the reactivity of a substance
toward other substances.

A

Chemical Properties

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6
Q

Independent of the amount of the substance
that is present.

A

Intensive Properties

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7
Q

Dependent upon the amount of the substance
present.

A

Extensive Properties

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8
Q

Boiling point

A

intensive

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9
Q

Weight

A

extensive

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10
Q

Volume

A

extensive

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11
Q

Density

A

intensive

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12
Q

Anything that has mass and occupies space

A

Matter

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13
Q

The smallest stable building block of matter. Made up of protons, neutrons & electrons.

A

Atom

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14
Q

Groups of atoms held together with a specific
connectivity and shape

A

Molecule

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15
Q

Matter that has a fixed composition and distinct
properties

A

Pure Substance

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16
Q

All atoms are the same kind

A

Elements

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17
Q

Contains more than one type of atom, but all molecules
(or repeat units) are the same

A

Compounds

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18
Q

Have variable compositions and can be separated into
parts by physical methods.

A

Mixture

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19
Q

Composition and
properties are non-uniform

A

Heterogeneous Mixture

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20
Q

Composition and
properties are uniform. Sometimes called a
solution.

A

Homogeneous Mixture

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21
Q

is obtained by dividing the
mass by the volume

A

Density

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22
Q

is the temperature at which a
substance changes from solid to liquid

A

melting point

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23
Q

is the temperature at which a substance changes
from liquid to gas.

A

boiling
point

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24
Q

It is the force of attraction between a magnet and
a magnetic object

A

Magnetism

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25
Q

measures how much of a substance
dissolve in a given volume of a liquid

A

Solubility

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26
Q

It is a measure of the ability of a substance to
conduct heat

A

Thermal Conductivity

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27
Q

It measures the amount of electrical current a
material can carry or its ability to carry a current

A

Electrical Conductivity

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28
Q

The components are separated based on physical
characters like shape, size, and appearance like
removing stones or husk particles from grains

A

. Mechanical Picking

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29
Q

Separate mixtures that contain substances mostly
of different sizes. All the smaller substances pass through
easily while the bigger components.

A

Sieving

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30
Q

Separate a magnetic solid from a heterogeneous
mixture

A

Magnetic Separation

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31
Q

To separate a volatile solid from a non-volatile
solid. An example is the separation of iodine from sand or
the separation of ammonium chloride from the sand.

A

Sublimation

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32
Q

Separate the components of a specific mixture
with different densities and are insoluble in a particular
solven

A

Gravity Separation

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33
Q

is a process by which heavier
impurities in a liquid, usually water, settle down at the
bottom of the mixture’s container

A

Sedimentation

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34
Q

Separate a solid from a liquid in a heterogeneous
mixture using a filtering membrane, like paper or cloth.

A

Filtration

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35
Q

The solid substance
that settles down is called

A

sediment

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36
Q

the upper
liquid is carefully poured into another beaker without
disturbing sediments.

A

decantation

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37
Q

Separate a mixture of a solvent and a soluble solid.
The solution is heated until the organic solvent
evaporates, where it turns into a gas and mostly leaves
behind the solid residue

A

Evaporation

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38
Q

Separate a liquid in a homogeneous mixture. In
boiling mixtures of two substances with different boiling
points, the lower boiling point will evaporate and
condense back as distillate in another container.

A

Distillation

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39
Q

The mixture of solids in a liquid is rotated in a
centrifuge. The centrifugal force causes denser
substances to separate along the radial direction (the
bottom of the tube), whereas the lighter particles move
to the top of the tube.

A

Centrifugation

40
Q

The lighter (lower density)
liquid forms the top layer
while heavier (higher density)
liquid forms the lower level.

A

Separating Funnel

41
Q

Separate two
miscible liquids having
close boiling points

A

Fractional Distillation

42
Q

An example is a separation of hydrogen gas (lower
molar mass = 2 g/mole) from methane (higher molar
mass = 16 g/mole)

A

Diffusion

43
Q

In a soda water bottle,
carbon dioxide gas is
dissolved in water under
pressure

A

Lowering Pressure:

44
Q

A mixture of liquefied gases with different boiling
points. An example is the separation of components of
liquified air where nitrogen (lowest boiling point)
evaporated first, leaving oxygen (higher boiling point)
behind.

A

Fractional Evaporation

45
Q

It is a form of matter having a constant chemical
composition and characteristic properties.

A

Chemical Substance

46
Q

the chemical symbols, and the
number of atoms for each element present in the
compound can be depicted

A

Chemical Formula

47
Q

Salt

A

Sodium Chloride; NaCl

48
Q

Caustic Soda

A

Sodium Hydroxide; NaOH

49
Q

Muriatic Acid

A

Hydrochloric Acid; HCl

50
Q

Ammonia

A

Ammonia; NH3

51
Q

Acetylene

A

Ethylene; C2H2

52
Q

Vitamin C

A

Ascorbic Acid; C6H8O6

53
Q

Baking Soda

A

Sodium Bicarbonate; NaHCO3

54
Q

Bleach

A

Sodium Hypochlorite; NAOCl

55
Q

Bleaching Powder

A

Calcium Hypochlorite; Ca(ClO)2

56
Q

Borax

A

sodium borate; Na2B4O7·10H2O

57
Q

Table Sugar

A

Sucrose; C12H22O11

58
Q

Carbolic Acid

A

Phenol; C6H5OH

59
Q

Carbonic Acid

A

Carbonic Acid; H2CO3

60
Q

Carborundum

A

Silicone Carbide; SiC

61
Q

Caustic Potash

A

Potassium Hydroxide; KOH

62
Q

Chloroform

A

Trichloromethane; CHCl3

63
Q

Cream of Tartar

A

Potassium Bitartrate; KHC4H4O6

64
Q

Dry Ice

A

Solid Carbon dioxide; CO2

65
Q

Freon

A

Dichlorodifluoromethane; CF2Cl2

66
Q

Galena

A

Lead (II) Sulfide; PbS

67
Q

Glycerin

A

Trihydroxy Propanol; C3H8O3

68
Q

Green Vitriole

A

Ferrous Sulfate Dihydrate; FeSO4.7H2O

69
Q

Gypsum

A

Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate; CaSO4.2H2O

70
Q

Iron Pyrite

A

Iron Disulfide; FeS2

71
Q

Red Rouge

A

Ferric Oxide; Fe2O3

72
Q

Laughing Gas

A

Nitrous Oxide; N2O

73
Q

Lime

A

Calcium Oxide; CaO

74
Q

Limestone

A

Calcium Carbonate; CaCO3

75
Q

Quarts

A

Silicone dioxide; SiO2

76
Q

Quicksilver

A

Mercury; Hg

77
Q

Table Salt

A

Sodium Chloride; NaCl

78
Q

Rubbing Alcohol

A

Isopropyl Alcohol; (CH3)2CHOH

79
Q

Cations

A

positive ions with more protons than electrons

80
Q

Anions

A

negative ions with more electrons than protons

81
Q

No. of protons=

A

atomic number

82
Q

No. of neutrons=

A

Atomic mass- Atomic No.

83
Q

No. of Electrons=

A

Atomic No.- Charge

84
Q

What are the Noble gases

A

The elements are helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), radon (Rn), and oganesson (Og).

85
Q

Group of chemical elements in column 18 of the periodic table, that tend to be chemically inert and thus form odorless, colorless, monatomic gases with low reactivity

A

Noble Gases

86
Q

type of chemical element with a preponderance of properties in between, or that are a mixture of, metals and nonmetals.

A

Metalloid

87
Q

What are the metalloids?

A

Silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and tellurium

88
Q

components with
higher adsorptivity will be
carried to a lower distance
than the components with
lower adsorptivity.

A

Adsorption
Chromatography

89
Q

Components of mixture are separated
through a glass plate coated with adsorbent of a
very thin layer like alumnia and silica gel.

A

Thin Layer Chromatography

90
Q

Components of mixture are separated using
a glass tube packed with column of suitable
adsorbent. The mixture is then placed on the top
of the column.

A

Column Chromatography

91
Q

Components of mixtures undergo continues
differential partitioning. Chromatography paper
is utilized as the stationary phase suspended in
a mobile phase which is the mixture of solvents.

A

Partition chromatography

92
Q

The liquid mixture is heated to boiling
point and the resulting vapor is condensed
immediately. For mixtures with boiling points of
components are considerably different with a
minimum difference of 25ºC.

A

. Simple Distillation

93
Q

Mixture of
liquids with closer
boiling points are
separated. The
mixture undergoes
several vaporization condensation process
that takes place in a
fractional column.

A

Fractional
Distillation

94
Q

Components of mixture which are heatsensitive are separated. Steam is used to pass
through a mixture, which is slightly heated, and
vaporize some of the components. I

A

Steam Distillation

95
Q

Components of mixtures with very high
boiling points are separated. The pressure is
lowered resulting the components of mixture to
boil at lower temperature.

A

Vacuum Distillation

96
Q
A

Chemistry (3 decks)

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