Chemistry summ 1 Flashcards
(96 cards)
1
Q
is the study of matter and
the changes that matter undergoes
A
Chemistry
2
Q
Properties of matter according to change involved during measurement of the property
A
Physical and Chemical
3
Q
According to dependence on the amount of matter
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Intensive and Extensive
4
Q
Some properties can be readily measured with our
senses
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Physical Properties
5
Q
Describe the reactivity of a substance
toward other substances.
A
Chemical Properties
6
Q
Independent of the amount of the substance
that is present.
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Intensive Properties
7
Q
Dependent upon the amount of the substance
present.
A
Extensive Properties
8
Q
Boiling point
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intensive
9
Q
Weight
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extensive
10
Q
Volume
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extensive
11
Q
Density
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intensive
12
Q
Anything that has mass and occupies space
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Matter
13
Q
The smallest stable building block of matter. Made up of protons, neutrons & electrons.
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Atom
14
Q
Groups of atoms held together with a specific
connectivity and shape
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Molecule
15
Q
Matter that has a fixed composition and distinct
properties
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Pure Substance
16
Q
All atoms are the same kind
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Elements
17
Q
Contains more than one type of atom, but all molecules
(or repeat units) are the same
A
Compounds
18
Q
Have variable compositions and can be separated into
parts by physical methods.
A
Mixture
19
Q
Composition and
properties are non-uniform
A
Heterogeneous Mixture
20
Q
Composition and
properties are uniform. Sometimes called a
solution.
A
Homogeneous Mixture
21
Q
is obtained by dividing the
mass by the volume
A
Density
22
Q
is the temperature at which a
substance changes from solid to liquid
A
melting point
23
Q
is the temperature at which a substance changes
from liquid to gas.
A
boiling
point
24
Q
It is the force of attraction between a magnet and
a magnetic object
A
Magnetism
25
measures how much of a substance
dissolve in a given volume of a liquid
Solubility
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It is a measure of the ability of a substance to
conduct heat
Thermal Conductivity
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It measures the amount of electrical current a
material can carry or its ability to carry a current
Electrical Conductivity
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The components are separated based on physical
characters like shape, size, and appearance like
removing stones or husk particles from grains
. Mechanical Picking
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Separate mixtures that contain substances mostly
of different sizes. All the smaller substances pass through
easily while the bigger components.
Sieving
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Separate a magnetic solid from a heterogeneous
mixture
Magnetic Separation
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To separate a volatile solid from a non-volatile
solid. An example is the separation of iodine from sand or
the separation of ammonium chloride from the sand.
Sublimation
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Separate the components of a specific mixture
with different densities and are insoluble in a particular
solven
Gravity Separation
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is a process by which heavier
impurities in a liquid, usually water, settle down at the
bottom of the mixture's container
Sedimentation
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Separate a solid from a liquid in a heterogeneous
mixture using a filtering membrane, like paper or cloth.
Filtration
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The solid substance
that settles down is called
sediment
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the upper
liquid is carefully poured into another beaker without
disturbing sediments.
decantation
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Separate a mixture of a solvent and a soluble solid.
The solution is heated until the organic solvent
evaporates, where it turns into a gas and mostly leaves
behind the solid residue
Evaporation
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Separate a liquid in a homogeneous mixture. In
boiling mixtures of two substances with different boiling
points, the lower boiling point will evaporate and
condense back as distillate in another container.
Distillation
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The mixture of solids in a liquid is rotated in a
centrifuge. The centrifugal force causes denser
substances to separate along the radial direction (the
bottom of the tube), whereas the lighter particles move
to the top of the tube.
Centrifugation
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The lighter (lower density)
liquid forms the top layer
while heavier (higher density)
liquid forms the lower level.
Separating Funnel
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Separate two
miscible liquids having
close boiling points
Fractional Distillation
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An example is a separation of hydrogen gas (lower
molar mass = 2 g/mole) from methane (higher molar
mass = 16 g/mole)
Diffusion
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In a soda water bottle,
carbon dioxide gas is
dissolved in water under
pressure
Lowering Pressure:
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A mixture of liquefied gases with different boiling
points. An example is the separation of components of
liquified air where nitrogen (lowest boiling point)
evaporated first, leaving oxygen (higher boiling point)
behind.
Fractional Evaporation
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It is a form of matter having a constant chemical
composition and characteristic properties.
Chemical Substance
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the chemical symbols, and the
number of atoms for each element present in the
compound can be depicted
Chemical Formula
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Salt
Sodium Chloride; NaCl
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Caustic Soda
Sodium Hydroxide; NaOH
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Muriatic Acid
Hydrochloric Acid; HCl
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Ammonia
Ammonia; NH3
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Acetylene
Ethylene; C2H2
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Vitamin C
Ascorbic Acid; C6H8O6
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Baking Soda
Sodium Bicarbonate; NaHCO3
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Bleach
Sodium Hypochlorite; NAOCl
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Bleaching Powder
Calcium Hypochlorite; Ca(ClO)2
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Borax
sodium borate; Na2B4O7·10H2O
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Table Sugar
Sucrose; C12H22O11
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Carbolic Acid
Phenol; C6H5OH
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Carbonic Acid
Carbonic Acid; H2CO3
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Carborundum
Silicone Carbide; SiC
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Caustic Potash
Potassium Hydroxide; KOH
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Chloroform
Trichloromethane; CHCl3
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Cream of Tartar
Potassium Bitartrate; KHC4H4O6
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Dry Ice
Solid Carbon dioxide; CO2
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Freon
Dichlorodifluoromethane; CF2Cl2
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Galena
Lead (II) Sulfide; PbS
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Glycerin
Trihydroxy Propanol; C3H8O3
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Green Vitriole
Ferrous Sulfate Dihydrate; FeSO4.7H2O
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Gypsum
Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate; CaSO4.2H2O
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Iron Pyrite
Iron Disulfide; FeS2
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Red Rouge
Ferric Oxide; Fe2O3
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Laughing Gas
Nitrous Oxide; N2O
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Lime
Calcium Oxide; CaO
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Limestone
Calcium Carbonate; CaCO3
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Quarts
Silicone dioxide; SiO2
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Quicksilver
Mercury; Hg
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Table Salt
Sodium Chloride; NaCl
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Rubbing Alcohol
Isopropyl Alcohol; (CH3)2CHOH
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Cations
positive ions with more protons than electrons
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Anions
negative ions with more electrons than protons
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No. of protons=
atomic number
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No. of neutrons=
Atomic mass- Atomic No.
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No. of Electrons=
Atomic No.- Charge
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What are the Noble gases
The elements are helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), radon (Rn), and oganesson (Og).
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Group of chemical elements in column 18 of the periodic table, that tend to be chemically inert and thus form odorless, colorless, monatomic gases with low reactivity
Noble Gases
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type of chemical element with a preponderance of properties in between, or that are a mixture of, metals and nonmetals.
Metalloid
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What are the metalloids?
Silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and tellurium
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components with
higher adsorptivity will be
carried to a lower distance
than the components with
lower adsorptivity.
Adsorption
Chromatography
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Components of mixture are separated
through a glass plate coated with adsorbent of a
very thin layer like alumnia and silica gel.
Thin Layer Chromatography
90
Components of mixture are separated using
a glass tube packed with column of suitable
adsorbent. The mixture is then placed on the top
of the column.
Column Chromatography
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Components of mixtures undergo continues
differential partitioning. Chromatography paper
is utilized as the stationary phase suspended in
a mobile phase which is the mixture of solvents.
Partition chromatography
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The liquid mixture is heated to boiling
point and the resulting vapor is condensed
immediately. For mixtures with boiling points of
components are considerably different with a
minimum difference of 25ºC.
. Simple Distillation
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Mixture of
liquids with closer
boiling points are
separated. The
mixture undergoes
several vaporization condensation process
that takes place in a
fractional column.
Fractional
Distillation
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Components of mixture which are heatsensitive are separated. Steam is used to pass
through a mixture, which is slightly heated, and
vaporize some of the components. I
Steam Distillation
95
Components of mixtures with very high
boiling points are separated. The pressure is
lowered resulting the components of mixture to
boil at lower temperature.
Vacuum Distillation
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