Chemistry Test 1 Flashcards
(189 cards)
1
Q
The branch of natural science that is concerned with the description and classification of matter, the changes that matter undergoes, and the energy associated with those changes.
A
chemistry
2
Q
anything which occupies space and possesses mass.
A
matter
3
Q
all matter possesses_____
A
mass
4
Q
only matter on earth possesses ____________
A
weight
5
Q
matter on earth possesses weight because of….
A
gravity
6
Q
5 divisions of chemistry
A
- inorganic
- organic
- biochemistry
- embalming chemistry
- thanatochemistry
7
Q
study of physical and chemical changes in the body that are caused by death. (The chemistry of death)
A
thanatochemistry
8
Q
study of types of matter and changes in matter in relationship to the temporary preservation and disinfecting of remains.
The study of chemical post-mortem changes, the composition of embalming fluids, and the interactions between them.
A
embalming chemistry
9
Q
the chemistry of living organisms or compounds produced by living organisms.
That branch of chemistry dealing with compounds produced by living organisms.
A
biochemistry
10
Q
study of matter which does not contain carbon.
That branch of chemistry that studies the properties and reactions of elements, excluding carbon. The absence or lack of carbon.
A
inorganic
11
Q
study of compounds which contain the element carbon. The capital letter C represents the single element of carbon.
The branch of chemistry that deals with carbon-containing compounds, carbon based compounds.
A
organic
12
Q
4 types of chemical measurements
A
- meter
- liter
- kilogram
- heat
13
Q
chemical measurements are usually in_______
A
metric system
14
Q
meter is the standard metric unit for____________
A
length
15
Q
liter is the standard unit of ____________
A
volume
16
Q
calorie stands for ______
A
heat
17
Q
the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of water 1 degree Celsius at 15 degrees Celsius
A
Standard temperature & pressure (STP)
18
Q
Scales to measure temperature…
A
- Fahrenheit
- Celsius
- Kelvin
19
Q
F stands for
A
Fahrenheit
20
Q
C stands for
A
Celsius
21
Q
Celsius can also be called….
A
centigrade
22
Q
no negative temps can exist on what scale?
A
Kelvin
23
Q
known freezing point of water on each scale…
A
F- 32 degrees
C- 0 degrees
K- 273k
24
Q
known boiling point of water on each scale…
A
F- 212 degrees
C- 100 degrees
K- 373k
25
characteristics by which substances may be identified.
properties
26
properties of a substance that you can see or observe WITHOUT A CHANGE in chemical composition
physical properties
27
4. physical properties of matter
1. State
2. Solubility
3. Density
4. Specific gravity
28
state of matter
Solid
Liquid
Gas
29
the measure of how well two substances mix.
solubility
30
generally if something is soluble it will __________________-
dissolve in water
31
the ratio of the mass of a substance to its volume.
density
32
matter divided by volume equals...
density
33
a ratio of densities with water as a standard
specific gravity
34
the density of blood is slightly more than...
water
35
A characteristic that can be seen or observed when a substance is interacting with other substances resulting in a change in chemical composition.
chemical properties
36
chemical properties of matter
1. combustibility
| 2. reactivity
37
can cause a change in chemical composition
combustibility
38
physical changes in matters
1. changes in state
| 2. solvation
39
solid to liquid
changes in state of matter
40
solid to a dissolved state (dissolving)
solvation
41
A change in the form or the state of matter without any change in chemical composition.
Physical changes
42
Changes in which a new substance or substances are formed because the chemical composition has changed.
Chemical changes
43
chemical changes of matter
1. cremation of remains
2. decomposition of remains
3. embalming of remains
44
physical states of matter
1. gases
2. liquids
3. solids
45
properties of gases
1. liquefaction
2. condensation
3. vaporization
4. diffusion
46
The state of matter in which the atoms or molecules move about in almost complete freedom from one other.
gases
47
gases have no definite______________
shape or volume
48
gases will assume the _______ & ____________ of the container in which they are located.
shape
| volume
49
not all gases can be ______________________-
seen or smelled
50
the conversion of a solid or gas into a liquid.
Liquefaction
51
a change in a state of matter from a gas to a liquid.
Condensation
52
the physical change from a liquid into a gas.
Vaporization
53
the movement of particles in solution from an area of higher concentration to lesser concentration until equal or uniform concentration is achieved.
Diffusion
54
Substances that flow readily, but tend to not expand indefinitely.
liquids
55
thickness – measure of the resistance to flow of a liquid.
Viscosity
56
the force that acts on the surface of a liquid and tends to minimize surface area.
Surface tension
57
movement of a liquid from a higher concentration to a lower concentration.
Diffusion
58
the conversion of a liquid or gas into a solid form (water to an ice cube)
Solidification
59
the process by which a substance is given definite form. (between water and ice cube) Goes from outside-in
Crystallization
60
conversion of a liquid to a solid
Freezing
61
rapid passage of liquid particles to the vapor or gaseous state by forming bubbles through the action of heat.
Boiling
62
properties of liquids
1. viscosity
2. surface tension
3. diffusion
4. solidification
5. crystallization
6. freezing
7. boiling
63
properties of solids
1. melting
| 2. sublimation
64
The condensed state of matter that has a definite shape and definite volume.
solids
65
types of matter based on COMPOSITION
1. elements
2. compounds
3. mixture
66
Simple substances which cannot be further broken down by ordinary chemical means.
elements
67
property of elements
1. atom
2. ion
3. name & symbol
4. types
68
the simplest part or particle of any element that still retains properties of the element. Very small
atom
69
an atom of any element that has a single positive or negative charge.
ion
70
ion is also called...
monatomic ion
71
abbreviation of an element
symbol
72
a symbol will ALWAYS begin with...____________ and have a max of ___ letters
a capital letter
| 3
73
only the FIRST letter for ANY element will be------
capitalized
74
large letter by itself represents ONE atom
symbol
75
small number written to the right and below the symbol.
| Represents the total number of atoms of an element
subscript
76
number to the right and above the symbol of the element to represent that this element has a charge.
superscript
77
with a superscript there will ALWAYS be a ___ or a ____ in front of it.
plus
| minus
78
every element is electrically _________
neutral
79
the reactivity for all elements of the periodic table is determined by the number of _____________ charged particles they have floating around in their ________________
negatively
| outer shell
80
the outer shell of an element is the.....
valence shell
81
types of elements
1. metal
| 2. non-metal
82
there are more metallic or metal elements than....
non-metals
83
all metals are solid except.....
mercury
84
mercury is a ____________
liquid
85
metals are shinny, lustrous, conduct electricity and heat...it is ____________ or _________
malleable
| ductile
86
can be formed into long sheets
malleable
87
can be stretched into wire
ductile
88
metals are good conductors of __________
electricity
89
most metals are located on the _____________ side of the periodic table
left
90
metals tend to be_____
positive ions charges
91
any element that is not a metal
non-metals
92
non-metals are located on the _________ side of the periodic table
right
93
non-metals tend to have _____________
negative charges
94
Substances that consist of 2 or more atoms chemically combined in definite proportions by weight
Compounds
95
properties of compounds
1. molecules
| 2. formula
96
(smallest unit of a compound that can exist alone and still retain properties of that compound). Including diatomic
molecules
97
2 or more atoms of the same element that unite together to form a compound
diatomic compound
98
abbreviation for any compound
formula
99
examples of compounds...
1. acids
2. bases
3. salts
4. oxides
100
a compound which has a pH below 7. It is acidic.
acids
101
compounds that have a pH above 7. It is alkaline.
bases
102
compounds which are formed in the reaction between acids and bases other than water.
salts
103
compounds consisting of 2 or more elements...one of which is oxygen.
oxides
104
an atom is to an element what a molecule is to a __________
compound
105
A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined and are not in definite proportion by weight.
mixture
106
examples of mixtures
1. air
2. embalming fluids
3. blood
107
ability of a system or material to do work
energy
108
types of energy
1. potential
| 2. kinetic
109
energy of motion
kinetic energy
110
energy which is stored
potential energy
111
the gods of the periodic table are known as the _________________________
noble or inert gases
112
horizontal rows across the periodic table are known as.....
periods or series
113
elements begin with number _____ and continue in order
one
114
vertical columns use numbers _________ or Roman numerals. These VERTICAL columns are called....
1-8
| groups or families
115
the group number represent the total number of __________ orbiting in the outer most shell around that elements
electrons
116
the valence shell is also called...
outer most shell
| orbit
117
the max number of electrons located in the valence or outer shell is ______
8
118
in chemistry there is a tendency to gain
equilibrium
119
even though every element in its free state is electrically neutral that does not mean they are _______ in their free state. They want to be electrically more ______
happy
| stable
120
an atom is composed of a _________________ that has particles contained within it called ________ & _______________
central nucleus
protons
neutrons
121
a third particle called an electron which has a __________ charge moves around the atom in its outer orbit or shells
negative 1
122
the number of protons located in the nucleus of a single atom of that element.
atomic number
123
an atomic number will always be a ______________ never a ___________--
whole number
| percentage
124
although a neutron has no charge, they do have __________
mass
125
the number written below the symbol is the
atomic weight
126
the number of protons plus the number of neutrons contained in the nucleus of a single atom of that element.
atomic weight
127
Elements that differ only in terms of atomic weight but have the same atomic number are known as
isotopes
128
To determine the number of neutrons for any element, take the _________ and subtract the _________________
atomic number
129
protons have a ____________ charge
positive
130
shells can contain up to _______ eletrons
32
131
the inner most shell of any element has a max capacity of ____ electrons
2
132
the max number of electrons in the valence or outermost shell is ____
8
133
the max number of electrons you can ever gain or lose in any element is ______
4
134
any atom that gains or loses electrons are called......
ions
135
most metals lose...
electrons
136
most non-metals gain....
electrons
137
OF PROTONS + # OF NEUTRONS =
atomic weight
138
ATOMIC WEIGHT – ATOMIC NUMBER =
OF NEUTRONS
139
The smallest particle of an element is called the ______
atom.
140
All atoms are composed of a central _______ with protons and neutrons.
nucleus
141
The electrons move around the nucleus i
orbits or shells.
142
The identity of elements are made by assignment of an _____________ which is identical to the number of protons in the nucleus.
atomic number
143
_____________have no electrical charge - however, they serve to offer stability to a nucleus.
neutrons
144
atoms may join together to form
molecules
145
atoms of the same element which have identical chemical properties but different atomic weights are called _______
isotopes
146
for any specific atom, the electrons in the outermost shell are called ________ electrons
valence
147
atoms that are electrically charged because of a gain or loss of electrons are called....
ions
148
the net attractive interaction between two atoms in a single molecule creates a ___________________
chemical bond
149
______________ have a strong tendency to change from an unstable form with an incomplete outer shell to a more stable form with a complete outer shell with filled orbitals
ions
150
those things which hold elements together to form new substances are called __________
chemical bonds
151
compounds in which the atoms are held together by ionic bonds are called _________________________
ionic compounds
152
these determine an element's chemical reactivity (properties)
valence electrons
153
when electrons are shared between atoms, a condition of ________________________ occurs
covalent bonding
154
protons have a _____ charge and are located ______
+1
| in the nucleus
155
electrons have a ______ charge and are located ______
-1
| in shell or outer orbit
156
neutrons have a _____ charge and are located ______
0
| in the nucleus
157
helium has an atomic number of ______ and atomic weight of ______
2
| 4
158
helium contains ___ protons, _____ electrons, & _____ neutrons
2
2
2
159
carbon has an atomic number of _____ and an atomic weight of ____
6
| 12
160
carbon contains ___ protons, ___ electrons, & ___ neutrons
6
6
6
161
nitrogen has an atomic number of ____ and an atomic weight of _____
7
| 14
162
nitrogen contains ____ protons, _____ electrons, & ____ neutrons
7
7
7
163
Beryllium has 4 protons and 5 neutrons:
How many electrons does Beryllium have:
What is the atomic number of Beryllium:
What is the atomic weight of Beryllium:
4
4
9
164
Fluorine has 9 protons and 10 neutrons:
How many electrons does Fluorine have:
What is the atomic number of Fluorine:
What is the atomic weight of Fluorine:
9
9
19
165
abbreviation for a chemical change...
chemical equation
166
number written to the left or in front of a symbol or formula is called...
coefficient
167
number written to the right and slightly below a symbol or formula is called...
subscript
168
formulas are usually expressed as the _____________ portion written first, and a non-metallic portion written last
metallic
169
_________ usually have positive oxidation numbers
metals
170
usually have negative oxidation numbers
non-metals
171
Al
aluminum
172
Br
Bromine
173
Ca
Calcium
174
C
Carbon
175
Cl
Chlorine
176
Cu
Copper
177
F
Fluorine
178
He
Helium
179
H
Hydrogen
180
I
Iodine
181
Fe
Iron
182
Hg
Mercury
183
N
Nitrogen
184
O
Oxygen
185
P
Phosphorous
186
K
Potassium
187
Na
Sodium
188
S
Sulfur
189
The simplest type of matter based on composition is what we call _____________ .
ELEMENTS
