Chemistry Test #2

Question 1

Vertical Columns

Answer 1

Groups/Families
groups 1-2, 13-18 have the same # of valence electrons
similar chemical properties within the same group

Question 2

Horizontal Rows
(what do elements within the same row have?)

Answer 2

Periods
elements in the same period have the same number of shells & valence electrons

Question 3

Properties of Metals

Answer 3

group 1 & 2
-solids at rroom temp, except for hg
- good conductors of heat and electricity
- low first ionization energies and electronegativities
- tend to lose one or more electrons to form positive ions
- formation of stable compounds

Question 4

Transition Metals

Answer 4

groups 3-12
- hard solids with high melting points
- form colored compounds and ions usually appear colored in solutions
- can form multiple possible positively charged ions

Question 5

Metalloids

Answer 5

located along the staircase, seperate the metals with the non-metals, exceptins: Al and Po
- semi-conductors
- form bonds that are partially ionic, partially covalent
- silicon is most common metalloid

Question 6

Non-Metals

Answer 6

To the right of the table, not including group 18
- in solid phase they are brittle
- high first ionization & high electrongegativities
- poor conductors
- gain electrons and form negative ions

Question 7

Noble Gases

Answer 7

Group 18
- non-reactive due to completely full valence shell
- tend not to form compounds unless under extreme pressure

Question 8

Allotrops

Answer 8

Non-metals that exist in two or more forms of the same phase
- different physical and chemical properties

Question 9

Hg (a metal) and Br (a non-metal) are liquids at room temperature
H2 , O2 , N2 , Cl2 , F2 and the noble gases (all nonmetals) are gases
I2 is a solid

Answer 9

Hg (a metal) and Br (a non-metal) are liquids at room temperature
H2 , O2 , N2 , Cl2 , F2 and the noble gases (all nonmetals) are gases
I2 is a solid

Question 10

atomic radius across a period

Answer 10

decreases, protons increase, pel’s stay the same. nuclear charge is higher

Question 11

atomic radius down a group

Answer 11

increases, every time you move down a shell is added

Question 12

electronegativity AND ionization across a period

Answer 12

increases, more protons, shielding stays the same

Question 13

electronegativity AND ionization down a group

Answer 13

decreases, because the outermost electrons are farther from the nucleus

Question 14

ionic radius across a period

Answer 14

decreases, elements on the left side of the periodic table lose electrons to form positively charged ions (cations)

Question 15

ionic radius down a group

Answer 15

increases, elements lower in the group tend to gain electrons to form negatively charged ions

Question 16

metallic character across a period

Answer 16

decreases

Question 17

metalic character down a group

Answer 17

increases

Question 18

Halogens

Answer 18

Group 17

Question 19

Chalcogens or Oxygen Group

Answer 19

Group 16

Question 20

Carbon Group

Answer 20

14

Question 21

Two elements are liquids at STP

Answer 21

Hg and Br

Question 22

compared to atoms of metals, atoms of nonmetals generally have

Answer 22

higher electronegativities and higher ionization energies

Question 23

increasing atomic number

Answer 23

electronegativity value increases, atomic radius decreases