Chemistry Test chapter 9 cumulative

Question 1

Name the type of bond that results from sharing of four electrons.

Answer 1

Double bond

Covalent bond

Question 2

Know the equation for ideal gas law.

Answer 2

PV=nRT

Question 3

What is the heat required to cause a unit rise in the temperature of a unit mass of a given substance?

Answer 3

Specific heat

Question 4

Absolute zero equals …

Answer 4

-273.15 degrees Celsius

0 kelvins

Question 5

What causes the bright colored lines in the spectrum of glowing hydrogen gas?

Answer 5

Each line is a photon emitted when an electron drops to a lower energy level

Question 6

What property is used to predict whether a bond is primarily ionic or primarily covalent?

Answer 6

Electronegativity

Question 7

Name the principle that states elements tend to react chemically to achieve a noble gas electron configuration whether by losing, gaining, or sharing electrons.

Answer 7

Octet rule

Question 8

Know and understand Exothermic chemical reactions.

Answer 8

• chemical reaction releasing energy, usually causes the products to become hotter than the reactants because some energy was released.

Question 9

Understand the differences between compounds and mixtures.

Answer 9

Compound- are combined in definite proportions , are chemically combined, lose their properties to form a new substance with new properties, can be separated only by chemical means

Mixtures- are present in variable proportions, are not chemically combined, each component retains its properties, can be separated by physical means

Question 10

Name the covalent bond in which the bonding electron pair is pulled closer to the more electronegative element.

Answer 10

Polar bond

Question 11

Understand the uncertainty principle.

Answer 11

• it is impossible to simultaneously determine the momentum and the position of an electron with precision; either momentum or position may be measured precisely but not both.

Question 12

Know and understand covalent bond.

Answer 12

Sharing of one or more electron pairs between two atoms

- atoms of non metals of similar Electronegativity

Question 13

Know and understand ionic bond.

Answer 13

Electrostatic force of attraction between ions resulting from transfer of electrons
- atoms of metals and non metals having widely different electronegativites

Question 14

Know and understand metallic bond.

Answer 14

Delocalized electron cloud around metal atoms

- atoms of metallic elements

Question 15

True/false

The second law of thermodynamics states that enthalpy of the universe is always increasing.

Answer 15

False

Entropy (disorder)

Question 16

True/false

The simplest repeating unit in a crystal is a unit cell.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

True/false

The molecule of CO2 in which two polar bonds point symmetrically in opposite directions is polar.

Answer 17

False

Nonpolar

Question 18

True/false

Kinetic energy is associated with an object’s position.

Answer 18

False

Potential energy

Question 19

True/false

The speed of light in a vacuum is approximately 3.00 x 10 (8) m/s.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

True/false

Atoms that are of the same element but differ in the number of particles in the nucleus are isotopes.

Answer 20

That differ in mass numbers

True

Question 21

True/false

A solid whose particles are characterized by a regular, repeating, three dimensional pattern is an amorphous solid.

Answer 21

False

Crystalline solid

Question 22

Know formula for sodium sulfate.

Answer 22

Na2SO4

Question 23

Name the type of chemical formula that is the simplest ratio of atoms in a compound.

Answer 23

Empirical formula

Formula unit- called this when referring to ionic compounds

Question 24

What is PCI (5) - check test question number 30.

Answer 24

Phosphorous pentachloride

Question 25

What particle that composes an atom has a negative charge?

Answer 25

Electron

Question 26

Name the term that refers to a bonding situation in which electrons are shared by more that two atoms.

Answer 26

Delocalization

Question 27

How long is 2.54 cm in millimeters.

Answer 27

.254 milli meters

Question 28

Elements fluorine, brownie, and iodine are part of what category?

Answer 28

Halogens

Question 29

Elements like magnesium, calcium and barium are part of what category?

Answer 29

Alkaline Earth Metals

Question 30

What type of geometry does acetone in which three bonding pairs of electrons are arrayed around the central atom have?

Answer 30

Trigonal planar

Question 31

Which of the following elements would you expect to have the greatest electro negativity ? Is it S, Ca, CI and/or Cs.

Answer 31

Cl

Question 32

A +BC= AC+B | What kind of reaction?

Answer 32

Single displacement

Question 33

What type of geometry does hydrogen selenide which has two bonding pairs and two no binding pairs of electrons around the central atom have?

Answer 33

Angular

Question 34

Why does H2O have a higher boiling point than H2S?

Answer 34

Because oxygen has a higher Electronegativity causing its atoms to attract stronger than sulfur

Question 35

Elements boron, silicon and geranium are part of what category?

Answer 35

Semi metals

Question 36

Going from solid to liquid is what process?

Answer 36

Heat of fusion | Melting

Question 37

Know and understand dipole-dipole force.

Answer 37

Found only in polar molecules Fairly strong Constant attraction between weak partial charges

Question 38

Know and understand hydrogen bond.

Answer 38

Found only in molecules containing hydrogen covalently bonded to highly electronegative atoms Very strong force Constant attraction between relatively strong partial charges

Question 39

Know and understand London force.

Answer 39

Found in all molecules Very weak force Momentary attraction between weak partial charges

Question 40

The ------ cubic arrangement of atoms in a crystal has the least empty space of any cubic arrangement.

Answer 40

Hexagonal close packing

Question 41

The -------- law of thermodynamics relates change in internal energy to heat and work.

Answer 41

First

Question 42

The outermost electrons in an atom which are involved in chemical bonding are called ------- electrons.

Answer 42

Valence

Question 43

The ------- theory of light states that light is electromagnetic waves traveling as bundles or packets of energy.

Answer 43

Quantum

Question 44

The mass of a substance per unit of volume is called ------.

Answer 44

Liters per mol

Question 45

A theoretical gas that exactly obeys the assumptions of the kinetic theory would be called a(n) --------- gas.

Answer 45

Ideal

Question 46

Know how to balance equations.

Answer 46

Good

Question 47

Know how to draw the Lewis structure of phosphorus trichloride.

Answer 47

``` . . . . . . :Cl— P —Cl: . . \ . . :Cl: . . ```

Question 48

Using the periodic table, calculate the molar mass of benzene.

Answer 48

C6H6

Question 49

See question 59.

Answer 49

Q

Question 50

A sample of helium gas has a volume of 620. mL at a temperature of 500. K. If we decrease the temperature to 100. K while keeping the pressure constant what will the new volume be?

Answer 50

P•V P•V ---- = ---- T T

Question 51

Hard substances like diamonds, silicon carbide and Quartz that contain covalent bonds but do not consist of discrete molecules are referred to as ...

Answer 51

Crystalline solids- atoms or molecules regularly arranged