Chemistry topic 1 aqa

Question 1

What is the basic unit of matter?

Answer 1

Atom

Question 2

What are the three main subatomic particles?

Answer 2

Protons, neutrons, and electrons

Question 3

What is the charge of a proton?

Answer 3

Positive

Question 4

What is the charge of an electron?

Answer 4

Negative

Question 5

What is the charge of a neutron?

Answer 5

Neutral

Question 6

Where are protons and neutrons located in an atom?

Answer 6

In the nucleus

Question 7

Where are electrons located in an atom?

Answer 7

In the electron cloud surrounding the nucleus

Question 8

What determines the atomic number of an element?

Answer 8

The number of protons in the nucleus

Question 9

What is the mass number of an atom?

Answer 9

The total number of protons and neutrons

Question 10

True or False: Electrons have a greater mass than protons.

Answer 10

False

Question 11

What is an isotope?

Answer 11

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

Question 12

How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?

Answer 12

Mass number - Atomic number

Question 13

What is the maximum number of electrons in the first shell?

Answer 13

2

Question 14

What is the maximum number of electrons in the second shell?

Answer 14

8

Question 15

What is the periodic table?

Answer 15

A tabular arrangement of elements based on their atomic number

Question 16

What is the significance of the groups in the periodic table?

Answer 16

Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties

Question 17

What is the significance of the periods in the periodic table?

Answer 17

Elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells

Question 18

What are alkali metals?

Answer 18

Group 1 elements that are highly reactive

Question 19

What are halogens?

Answer 19

Group 7 elements that are reactive nonmetals

Question 20

What are noble gases?

Answer 20

Group 0 elements that are inert and non-reactive

Question 21

What is the trend in reactivity for alkali metals as you move down the group?

Answer 21

Reactivity increases

Question 22

What happens to the boiling point of halogens as you move down the group?

Answer 22

Boiling point increases

Question 23

What is the electron configuration for carbon?

Answer 23

2, 4

Question 24

What is the electron configuration for oxygen?

Answer 24

2, 6

Question 25

True or False: Metals tend to lose electrons to form positive ions.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

True or False: Nonmetals tend to gain electrons to form negative ions.

Answer 26

True

Question 27

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 27

A bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms (two non-metals)

Question 28

What is an ionic bond?

Answer 28

A bond formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another (A non-metal and a metal)

Question 29

What are some characteristics of transition metals?

Answer 29

They are hard They have high melting and boiling points Dense

Question 30

How do you find the average atomic mass of an element?

Answer 30

By considering the relative abundances of its isotopes

Question 31

What is a molecule?

Answer 31

A group of atoms bonded together

Question 32

What is a compound?

Answer 32

A substance formed from two or more different elements chemically bonded together

Question 33

What are the main characteristics of metals?

Answer 33

Good conductors of heat and electricity, malleable, ductile

Question 34

What are the main characteristics of nonmetals?

Answer 34

Poor conductors of heat and electricity, brittle, not malleable

Question 35

What is an ion?

Answer 35

An atom or molecule that has a net electrical charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons

Question 36

What is the role of the nucleus in an atom?

Answer 36

It contains protons and neutrons and is the center of atomic mass

Question 37

What is a chemical reaction?

Answer 37

A process that involves the rearrangement of the molecular or ionic structure of a substance

Question 38

What is the law of conservation of mass?

Answer 38

Mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction

Question 39

What is a diatomic molecule?

Answer 39

A molecule that consists of two atoms of the same or different elements

Question 40

What does the coefficient in a chemical equation represent?

Answer 40

The number of molecules or moles of a substance

Question 41

What is the difference between an endothermic and exothermic reaction?

Answer 41

Endothermic reactions absorb heat, while exothermic reactions release heat

Question 42

What is the pH scale used for?

Answer 42

To measure the acidity or basicity of a solution

Question 43

What is a strong acid?

Answer 43

An acid that completely dissociates in solution

Question 44

What is a strong base?

Answer 44

A base that completely dissociates in solution

Question 45

What is the significance of the atomic mass of an element?

Answer 45

It reflects the average mass of an atom of an element based on its isotopes

Question 46

What is a mole in chemistry?

Answer 46

A unit that measures the amount of substance, equivalent to Avogadro's number (6.022 x 10²³ particles)