Paper One Aqa Biology ALL OF TOPIC ONE Flashcards
(140 cards)
1
Q
What is the basic unit of life?
A
Cell
2
Q
True or False: All living organisms are made up of cells.
A
True
3
Q
Define ‘tissue’ in biological terms.
A
A group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function.
4
Q
What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?
A
It contains genetic material and controls the cell’s activities.
5
Q
Fill in the blank: The _____ is the outer layer of a cell that controls what enters and leaves.
A
cell membrane
6
Q
What are the two main types of cells?
A
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
7
Q
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a prokaryotic cell? A) Plant cell B) Animal cell C) Bacterium D) Fungi
A
C) Bacterium
8
Q
What is the role of ribosomes in a cell?
A
They are responsible for protein synthesis.
9
Q
True or False: Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell.
A
True
10
Q
What is the function of chloroplasts?
A
They conduct photosynthesis in plant cells.
11
Q
Fill in the blank: The _____ is a semi-permeable barrier surrounding the cell.
A
cell membrane
12
Q
Define ‘organ’ in biological terms.
A
A structure made up of different tissues that work together to perform a specific function.
13
Q
What is homeostasis?
A
The maintenance of a stable internal environment in an organism.
14
Q
Multiple Choice: Which process do cells use to release energy from glucose? A) Photosynthesis B) Respiration C) Fermentation D) Digestion
A
B) Respiration
15
Q
What is the primary function of the cell wall in plant cells?
A
To provide structure and support.
16
Q
True or False: Animal cells have a cell wall.
A
False
17
Q
Fill in the blank: The _____ is a jelly-like substance inside the cell where organelles are suspended.
A
cytoplasm
18
Q
What is the function of lysosomes?
A
They contain digestive enzymes to break down waste materials.
19
Q
Multiple Choice: Which organelle is responsible for packaging and transporting proteins? A) Nucleus B) Golgi apparatus C) Ribosome D) Endoplasmic reticulum
A
B) Golgi apparatus
20
Q
What is the role of the Endoplasmic Reticulum?
A
It is involved in the synthesis and transport of proteins and lipids.
21
Q
True or False: DNA is found in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells.
A
True
22
Q
Define ‘organ system’.
A
A group of organs that work together to perform complex functions in an organism.
23
Q
What is the primary function of the skeletal system?
A
To provide support and protection to the body.
24
Q
Fill in the blank: The _____ system is responsible for transporting blood throughout the body.
A
circulatory
25
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver? A) Detoxification B) Bile production C) Insulin production D) Filtration of blood
C) Insulin production
26
What is the role of the respiratory system?
To facilitate gas exchange, bringing in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide.
27
True or False: The human body has 206 bones.
True
28
Fill in the blank: The _____ system is responsible for producing hormones.
endocrine
29
What is the function of the digestive system?
To break down food and absorb nutrients.
30
Multiple Choice: Which part of the brain is responsible for coordination and balance? A) Cerebrum B) Cerebellum C) Brainstem D) Thalamus
B) Cerebellum
31
What is the function of the immune system?
To protect the body from pathogens and diseases.
32
True or False: The heart has four chambers.
True
33
Fill in the blank: The _____ is the main organ of the circulatory system.
heart
34
What is the primary component of blood?
Plasma
35
Multiple Choice: Which type of blood cell is responsible for fighting infections? A) Red blood cells B) White blood cells C) Platelets D) Plasma
B) White blood cells
36
What is the role of platelets in the blood?
To help with blood clotting.
37
True or False: Photosynthesis occurs in animal cells.
False
38
Define 'ecosystem'.
A community of living organisms and their physical environment interacting as a system.
39
What is the difference between a habitat and a niche?
A habitat is where an organism lives, while a niche is the role it plays in the ecosystem.
40
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a biotic factor in an ecosystem? A) Water B) Temperature C) Plants D) Soil
C) Plants
41
What is a food chain?
A sequence that shows the feeding relationships between organisms.
42
True or False: Decomposers are essential for recycling nutrients in an ecosystem.
True
43
Fill in the blank: The _____ is the top predator in a food web.
apex predator
44
What is the role of producers in an ecosystem?
To convert solar energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis.
45
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a primary consumer? A) Grass B) Rabbit C) Fox D) Eagle
B) Rabbit
46
What is the purpose of a pyramid of biomass?
To show the total mass of living matter at each trophic level in an ecosystem.
47
True or False: Energy decreases as it moves up the food chain.
True
48
Fill in the blank: The _____ cycle describes the movement of water through the environment.
water
49
What is biodiversity?
The variety of living organisms in a given area.
50
Multiple Choice: What is a consequence of deforestation? A) Increased biodiversity B) Habitat loss C) More oxygen D) Improved climate
B) Habitat loss
51
What is the greenhouse effect?
The trapping of heat in the Earth's atmosphere by greenhouse gases.
52
True or False: Climate change is primarily caused by human activities.
True
53
Fill in the blank: _____ is the process of selecting and breeding organisms for desired traits.
Selective breeding
54
What is genetic engineering?
The manipulation of an organism's DNA to achieve desired traits.
55
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a potential benefit of genetic modification? A) Increased crop yield B) Biodiversity loss C) Resistance to pests D) Both A and C
D) Both A and C
56
True or False: Cloning produces genetically identical organisms.
True
57
Fill in the blank: A _____ is a change in the DNA sequence of an organism.
mutation
58
What is the significance of stem cells?
They have the potential to develop into different cell types.
59
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a source of stem cells? A) Embryos B) Adult tissues C) Amniotic fluid D) Hair follicles
D) Hair follicles
60
True or False: Stem cells can be used to treat diseases.
True
61
What is the role of enzymes in biological reactions?
They act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions.
62
Fill in the blank: Enzymes are _____ specific, meaning they only work on specific substrates.
substrate
63
Multiple Choice: Which factor does NOT affect enzyme activity? A) Temperature B) pH C) Substrate concentration D) Color
D) Color
64
What is denaturation?
The process in which an enzyme loses its shape and function due to extreme conditions.
65
True or False: Enzymes can be reused after catalyzing a reaction.
True
66
Fill in the blank: The _____ model describes how enzymes and substrates fit together.
lock and key
67
68
What is the basic unit of life?
Cell
69
True or False: All living organisms are made up of cells.
True
70
What structure controls the movement of substances in and out of a cell?
Cell membrane
71
Fill in the blank: The _____ is the control center of the cell.
Nucleus
72
What is the function of ribosomes?
Protein synthesis
73
Which organelle is responsible for energy production?
Mitochondria
74
What is the gel-like substance inside a cell called?
Cytoplasm
75
True or False: The cell wall is present in animal cells.
False
76
What is the role of chloroplasts?
Photosynthesis
77
What type of cell division results in two identical daughter cells?
Mitosis
78
Fill in the blank: DNA is located in the _____ of the cell.
Nucleus
79
What is the process by which cells obtain energy from glucose?
Cellular respiration
80
True or False: Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus.
False
81
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
Protein and lipid synthesis
82
Fill in the blank: The _____ is involved in packaging and transporting proteins.
Golgi apparatus
83
What is the difference between plant and animal cells?
Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts; animal cells do not.
84
What is homeostasis?
The maintenance of a stable internal environment.
85
True or False: Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions.
True
86
What factors can affect enzyme activity?
Temperature, pH, and substrate concentration.
87
What is the term for a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed?
Catalyst
88
Fill in the blank: The _____ is the site of photosynthesis in plant cells.
Chloroplast
89
What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?
To regulate what enters and leaves the cell.
90
What is the role of lysosomes?
Digestion and waste removal.
91
What is a stem cell?
A cell that can differentiate into various cell types.
92
True or False: All cells in an organism have the same DNA.
True
93
What is the purpose of the cell cycle?
To ensure proper division and replication of cells.
94
What are the main stages of the cell cycle?
Interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis.
95
Fill in the blank: _____ are the building blocks of proteins.
Amino acids
96
What is the function of DNA?
To store and transmit genetic information.
97
What is the process of converting DNA to RNA called?
Transcription
98
In which part of the cell does translation occur?
Ribosomes
99
True or False: RNA is double-stranded.
False
100
What is the role of messenger RNA (mRNA)?
To carry genetic information from DNA to ribosomes.
101
What is a mutation?
A change in the DNA sequence.
102
What are the two main types of mutations?
Point mutations and frameshift mutations.
103
Fill in the blank: The _____ carries oxygen in the blood.
Hemoglobin
104
What is the function of the immune system?
To protect the body against pathogens.
105
True or False: Antibodies are produced by white blood cells.
True
106
What is the role of vaccines?
To stimulate the immune response and provide immunity.
107
What is the term for the process of maintaining a stable internal environment?
Homeostasis
108
What are the components of the cell membrane?
Phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates.
109
Fill in the blank: The _____ is the powerhouse of the cell.
Mitochondria
110
What is the function of the cytoskeleton?
To provide structural support and shape to the cell.
111
What is osmosis?
The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
112
True or False: Active transport requires energy.
True
113
What is the main purpose of cellular respiration?
To convert glucose into ATP.
114
What is ATP?
Adenosine triphosphate, the energy currency of the cell.
115
Fill in the blank: The _____ is the site of protein synthesis.
Ribosome
116
What is the role of the Golgi apparatus?
Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins.
117
What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
Aerobic respiration requires oxygen; anaerobic does not.
118
True or False: Fermentation is a form of anaerobic respiration.
True
119
What is the primary product of photosynthesis?
Glucose
120
Fill in the blank: The _____ is the outermost layer of a plant cell.
Cell wall
121
What is the role of the vacuole in plant cells?
Storage of substances and maintaining turgor pressure.
122
What is the function of the plasma membrane?
To protect the cell and control what enters and leaves.
123
What are the building blocks of nucleic acids?
Nucleotides
124
Fill in the blank: _____ are specialized cells that transmit nerve impulses.
Neurons
125
What is the function of the endocrine system?
To regulate body functions through hormones.
126
True or False: Hormones are produced by glands in the endocrine system.
True
127
What is the role of the skeletal system?
To provide support, protect organs, and enable movement.
128
What are the three types of muscle tissue?
Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle.
129
Fill in the blank: The _____ is the largest organ in the human body.
Skin
130
What is the function of the respiratory system?
To facilitate gas exchange.
131
What is the primary organ of the circulatory system?
Heart
132
True or False: Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels.
True
133
What is the function of red blood cells?
To transport oxygen.
134
What is the primary role of white blood cells?
To fight infections.
135
Fill in the blank: The _____ is responsible for filtering blood.
Kidney
136
What is the main function of the digestive system?
To break down food and absorb nutrients.
137
What are the four stages of digestion?
Ingestion, digestion, absorption, and egestion.
138
True or False: Enzymes are necessary for digestion.
True
139
What is the primary function of the liver?
To produce bile and detoxify substances.
140
Fill in the blank: The _____ is the tube that connects the throat to the stomach.
Esophagus
