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Chemistry > Chemistry Topic 1 - Atomic Structure and Periodic Table > Flashcards

Chemistry Topic 1 - Atomic Structure and Periodic Table Flashcards

1
Q

What do atoms contain

A

Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons

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2
Q

What does the Nucleus contain

A

Protons and Neutrons

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3
Q

What is relative mass of Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons

A

Proton =1
Neutron = 1
Electron = very small

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4
Q

What is relative charge of Proton, Neutron, and Electron

A

Proton = +1
Neutron = 0
Electron = -1

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5
Q

Why are atoms neutral

A

they have no overall charge because they have same number of protons and electrons

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6
Q

Why does an ion have an overall charge

A

Because the number number of protons is not the same as number of electrons so does not cancel out

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7
Q

What is Mass Number

A

Total number of protons and neutrons in an atom

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8
Q

What is Atomic Number

A

Number of protons in an atom

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9
Q

Define Element

A

Consists of one type of atoms

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10
Q

What is a Compound

A

Substances formed from 2 or more elements, held together by chemical bonds

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11
Q

What does making bonds involve

A

Involved atoms giving away, taking or sharing electrons

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12
Q

What happens in Ionic Bonding

A

Compound formed from a metal and a non-metal. The metal atom lose electrons to form positive ions and the Non-Metal gains electrons to form negative ion. The opposite charges of atoms means they are strongly attracted

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13
Q

What happens in Covalent Bonding

A

Compounds formed from 2 Non-Metals. Each atoms shares an electron with another atom

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14
Q

What is a mixture

A

Made up of 2 or more different chemical substances not chemically bonded

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15
Q

What can a mixture be

A

Elements or Compounds

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16
Q

What is Chromotography

A

A technique that can be used to seperate different dyes in an ink

17
Q

What is a Chromotogram

A

The end result in chromotography which is a pattern of spots

18
Q

What is Simple Distillation

A

A technique used to seperate liquids from a solution with very different boiling points

19
Q

What happens in Simple Distillation (3 marks)

A

The solution is heated. The part of solution with the lowest boiling point evaporates first. The vapour is then cooled, condensed and is collected.

20
Q

What is fractional distillation

A

A technique used to seperate a mixture of liquids from a solution with similar boiling points

21
Q

What are metals

A

Elements which form positive ions when they react with non-metals

22
Q

What are non-metals

A

Elements which form negative ions when they react with metals

23
Q

4 Properties of Metals

A

Strong
Malleable
Great conductor of heat and electricity
High melting and boiling points

24
Q

Properties of Non - Metals

A

Dull looking
Brittle
Not good at conducting electricity
low density

25
Q

Trend in group 1 elements (3 marks)

A

As you go down, there is lower melting and boiling points. Also, elements become more reactive.
This is because as you go down, the shells go further away from the nucleus therefore has a weaker force of attraction so can easily react and lose an electron.

26
Q

What do Alkali metals form with Non - Metals

A

Ionic Compounds

27
Q

Reaction between Alkali metals and Water

A

They react vigorously to produce Hydrogen and Metal Hydroxide

28
Q

Reaction between Alkali metals with Chlorine

A

They react vigorously to produce Metal Chloride

29
Q

Reaction between Alkali metals with Oxygen

A

They react to produce Metal Oxide

30
Q

What are Group 7 elements called

A

Halogens

31
Q

Trend in group 7 elements (4 marks)

A

As you go down group 7, the elements have a higher melting and boiling point. They also become less reactive as you go down because it is harder to gain an electron in outer shell because ouoter shell is further away from nucleus as you go down because there is a weak force of attraction

32
Q

What do Halogens form with Metals

A

Ionic Bonds

33
Q

What are Group 0 elements called

A

Noble gases (Inert, Colourless gas)

34
Q

Why are group 0 elements not reactive

A

They have a full outer shell so they are stable and do not need to react to gain or lose electrons

35
Q

Trend in group 0 elements

A

As you go down, the boiling and melting point increases
This is because as you go down, the number of electrons increases leading to greater intermolecular force between them which need to be overcome.

Chemistry (8 decks)

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