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Chemistry > Chemistry Topic 2 - Bonding, Structure and Properties of Matter > Flashcards

Chemistry Topic 2 - Bonding, Structure and Properties of Matter Flashcards

1
Q

Ions are made when…

A

Electrons are transferred

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2
Q

Define Ions

A

Charged Particles

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3
Q

When metals form ions…

A

They lose electrons and form positive ions

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4
Q

When non-metals form ions…

A

They gain electrons and form negative ions

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5
Q

What happens in ionic bonding

A

metal atom loses electron to form positive ion and non-metal gains electron to form negative ion. these oppositely charged ions are strongly attracted to one another by strong electrostatic force of attraction

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6
Q

Describe the structure of an ionic compound

A

The ions form a closely packed Regular Lattice Structure and they have very strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions in all directions.

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7
Q

Ionic compound properties (3 marks)

A

. High melting and boiling point due to strong bond
. When solid ions are held in place so cannot conduct eletricity
. When melted, ions seperate and are free to move and carries electric current and conduct electricity

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8
Q

What happens in Covalent bonding

A

Bonding between non-metals where they share a pair of electrons to make covalent bonds.

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9
Q

Why is Covalent Bonds strong

A

The positively charged nuclei of the bonded atoms are attracted to the shared pair of electrons by electrostatic force of attraction making them strong

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10
Q

Why do atoms want to have a full outer shell

A

it gives them electronic structure of noble gases, which is very stable.

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11
Q

What has a simple molecular structure

A

Substances containing covalent bonds

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12
Q

Properties of simple molecular substances

A

Dont conduct electricity because they arent charged so no free electrons or ions
As they get bigger, melting and boiling point increases because intermolecular forces increase so more energy required to break them.

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13
Q

In which state are most simple molecular substances at room temp

A

Liquids and Gases

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14
Q

What forces need to be overcome to boil a simple molecular compound

A

Intermolecular forces need to be overcome

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15
Q

What are polymers

A

Long chains of repeating units joined by strong covalent bonds

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16
Q

What state are polymers at room temp

A

Solid

17
Q

Diamond

A

Each carbon atom forms four covalent bonds

18
Q

Graphite

A

Each carbon atom forms three covalent bonds

19
Q

Allotropes of Diamond (3 marks)

A

Giant covalent structure which makes Diamond strong
Diamond has a very high melting point as it requires a lot of energy to break Diamond
Does not conduct electricity because it has no free electrons or ions

20
Q

Allotropes of Graphite (3 marks)

A

No covalent bonds between layers so they are free to move over each other which makes graphite soft and slippery
High melting point
Conducts electricity and thermal energy

21
Q

Why does Graphite conduct electricity

A

For each carbon atom has one delocalised electron and can move

22
Q

Why is Graphite a good Lubricating material

A

Graphite is held together weakly so is soft and slippery so is an ideal lubricating material

23
Q

What is Fullerene

A

molecules of carbon which forms spheres and tubes

24
Q

Properties of Fullerene

A

Huge surface area.
Make great lubricants
Can be used to cage other molecules which can be used to deliver drugs into body

25
Q

What is Graphite

A

Sheets of carbon atoms arranged in hexagons

26
Q

Metallic bonding

A

Bonding between metals. Formed between positively charged atoms in which there is a sea of delocalised electrons moving around in the lattice structure.

27
Q

Why are metals solid at room temp

A

There is a strong electrostatic force of attraction between metal atoms and delocalised electrons so needs a lot of energy to be broken. this means it has a high melting and boiling point

28
Q

Why are metals a good conductor of electricity and heat

A

The delocalised electrons carry electrical current and thermal energy through the whole structure

29
Q

Why are metals malleable

A

The layers of atoms in a metal can slide over each other

30
Q

What are Alloys

A

a mixture of 2 or more metals or a metal and another element

Chemistry (8 decks)

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