Chemistry: Using Resources

Question 1

what are ceramics

Answer 1

non-metal solids with high melting points that aren’t made from carbon based compounds

Question 2

what are composites

Answer 2

substances made up of one material embedded in another

Question 3

what do the properties of the composite depend on

Answer 3

the properties of the materials it is made up of

Question 4

what two factors affect the properties of polymers

Answer 4

how it is made

what it is made up of

Question 5

what are alloys

Answer 5

compounds made up of a metal and another material to give it other properties such as being stronger

Question 6

what is the alloy bronze made from

Answer 6

copper and tin

Question 7

what is the alloy brass made from

Answer 7

copper and zinc

Question 8

what are gold alloys made from

Answer 8

gold and other metals

Question 9

what are aluminium alloys made from

Answer 9

aluminium and other metals

Question 10

what is corrosion

Answer 10

metals react with other substances in the environment and are gradually destroyed

Question 11

what is rusting

Answer 11

the corrosion of ONLY iron

Question 12

what two substances are needed for iron to rust

Answer 12

water and air

Question 13

what are the four ways iron can be protected form rusting

Answer 13

painting/coating with plastic
electroplating
oiling/greasing
galvanisation

Question 14

how does painting/coating iron with plastic protect against rusting

Answer 14

provides a protective outer layer

Question 15

how does electroplating protect iron against rusting

Answer 15

uses electrolysis to reduce metal ions on an iron electrode

Question 16

how does oiling/greasing protect iron against rusting

Answer 16

provides a protective layer and lubricates the object

Question 17

how does galvanisation protect iron against rusting

Answer 17

sacrifices a more reactive metal such as zinc to react with air and water so that the iron doesn’t rust

Question 18

what two methods are used to extract copper from low grade copper ores

Answer 18

bioleaching

phytomining

Question 19

what is bioleaching

Answer 19

use bacteria to convert copper ore into soluble copper compounds called leachates then using electrolysis to separate the copper

Question 20

what is phytomining

Answer 20

growing plants in soil that contains copper then harvest and burn these plants to obtain the copper

Question 21

what is a life cycle assessment

Answer 21

looks at every stage of a product’s life and assesses the impact on the environment

Question 22

what are the four stages of a product’s life cycle

Answer 22

getting the raw material
manufacturing and packaging
using product
product disposal

Question 23

what is potable water

Answer 23

water that you can drink

Question 24

what are the two main stages of producing potable water

Answer 24

filtration

sterilisation

Question 25

what is filtration in production of potable water

Answer 25

wire mesh screens out all large insoluble molecules

Question 26

what is sterilisation in production of potable water

Answer 26

water is sterilised using chlorine to kill any harmful bacteria and microbes

Question 27

what are the three main stages of waste water treatment

Answer 27

screening aerobic digestion anaerobic digestion

Question 28

what is screening in the treatment of waste water

Answer 28

sewage is screened to remove large insoluble objects

Question 29

what is aerobic digestion in the treatment of waste water

Answer 29

air is pumped into the sewage to promote growth of aerobic bacteria to break down any more organic matter including harmful microbes

Question 30

what is anaerobic digestion in the treatment of waste water

Answer 30

sludge from the bottom is transferred to large tanks where it is broken down to release methane to be used as a biogas or fertiliser

Question 31

what is the haber process

Answer 31

industrial process used to produce ammonia

Question 32

what is the haber process word equation

Answer 32

Nitrogen + Hydrogen Ammonia

Question 33

what is the symbol equation for the haber process

Answer 33

N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) 2NH3 (g)

Question 34

what kind of reaction takes place during the haber process

Answer 34

reversible

Question 35

what are the two theoretically optimal conditions for the haber process

Answer 35

Low temperature | High pressure

Question 36

what are the three actual optimal conditions for the haber process

Answer 36

High temperature of 450C Low Pressure of 200 atmospheres Iron catalyst

Question 37

why are the actual optimal conditions for the haber process better than the theoretical optimal conditions

Answer 37

Catalyst and higher temperature increases rate of reaction. Lower pressure is used so as not to make the process too expensive

Question 38

what is the drawback of using higher temperatures in the haber process

Answer 38

decreases the percentage yield

Question 39

what is the first stage of the haber process

Answer 39

the reactant gases are passed over the iron catalyst at a high temperature of 450C and pressure of 200 atmospheres

Question 40

what is the second stage of the haber process

Answer 40

in a collection area the temperature is cooled so that the ammonia condenses into a liquid but the left over reactant gases don't separating the two

Question 41

what is ammonia used for

Answer 41

producing the fertiliser ammonium nitrate

Question 42

what is the word equation for producing ammonium nitrate

Answer 42

Ammonia + Nitric acid ---> Ammonium Nitrate

Question 43

what is the symbol equation for producing ammonium nitrate

Answer 43

NH3 (aq) + HNO3 (aq) ---> NH4NO3 (aq)

Question 44

what is ammonium nitrate used for

Answer 44

Fertiliser that provides Nitrogen to soil