Chemistry week 2 exam Flashcards by Potato Patata

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and lipids are the three major biochemical compounds of human metabolism. What is the element that distinguishes PROTEINS from carbohydrate lipid compound

Nitrogen

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Considered as a negative acute phase reactant

Albumin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Marker for wilson’s disease

Ceruloplasmin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Basis for the kjeldahl technique for the determination of serum total proteins

Quantification of the nitrogen content of protein

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following protein fraction has the greatest concentration in the serum of healthy individuals

Albumin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Inflammation would spike on what region?

Alpha 1, Alpha 2, and Beta

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Major end product of protein and amino acid metabolism

Urea

Uric acid - end product of purine
Ammonia - end product of amino acid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In the ultraviolet procedure for quantifying uric acid, what does the reaction between uric and and uricase cause

Reduction of phosphotungstic acid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which total protein requires copper sulfate, potassium iodide in sodium hydroxide, and potassium sodium TARTRATE in its reagent system

Biuret

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Inulin clearance can be used for the assessment of glomerular filtration capacity because inulin is

Filtered by the glomerulus but not reabsorbed in the tubules

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Total protein determination:
Biuret
Jaffe
Micro-kjeldahl nessler
Hexokinase

Biuret and Micro-kjeldahl

Jaffe - crea
Hexokinase - glucose

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Multiple myeloma

Monoclonal peak Tall and spiked gamma globulin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Preferred dye for CSF eelectrophoresis

Coomasie Brillant Blue

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Decreased AFP

Down syndrome

Spina bifida and Neural tube defects = increased

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Almost 90% excreted in urine

Urea and creatinine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Urea determination

DAM
FEARON
JAFFE
CARAWAY

DAM - Diacetyl monoxime method
Fearon method

Jaffe method = creatinine
Caraway = Uric acid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Elevated creatinine level
Muscular dystrophies
Myasthenia gravis
Dermatomyositis
Familial periodic paralysis

ALL OF THE ABOVE

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Post-renal causes of azotemia
Stones
Tumors
Prostatic enlargement
Dehydration

Stones
Tumors
Prostatic enlargement

Dehydration - pre-renal

Pre-renal is in blood circulation
renal is in kidney
post-renal is in urinary tract and bladder

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Diminished glomerular filtration with normal renal function may cause

Elevated BUN and normal creatinine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Uric acid determination
Caraway method
Henry’s method
Uricase method
O-dianisidinemethod

Caraway method
Henry’s method
Uricase method

O-dianisidinemethod - glucose

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Jaffe reagent is an unstable reagent that will convert into? upon prolonged standing

Picramic acid and methyl guanidine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The laboratory test used for diagnosis of cystinuria is sodium nitroprusside test. The positive end color for this is red-purple

1st statement is incorrect, second is correct

Cyanide nitroprusside dapat hindi sodium nitroprusside

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Patients with multiple myeloma would have an increased amount of bence jones proteins. This creates the characteristic monoclonal peak and tall and curved pattern

Both statements are correct

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

An alpha-1 flat curved would be observed in albumin deficiency, it is associated with nephrotic syndrome

Both false

Alpha-1 flat curved = juvenile cirrhosis
Nephrotic syndrome = Alpha 2 spike

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fuller's earth, which is used in the modified jaffe reaction is composed of sodium aluminum silicate. Alkaline picrate solution is used in the enzymatic reaction for creatinine determination

1st statement is incorrect, 2nd is correct Fuller's earth is composed of aluminum magnesium silicate. Sodium aluminum silicate is for Lloyd's.

Reye's syndrome can be diagnosed by measuring ammonia levels in CSF. Ammonia is the product of amino acid decarboxylation

Both incorrect ammonia's level should be increased in serum. Ammonia is the product of amino acid deamination

Serves as transport protein for T4 and retinol

Transthyretin

Landmark to confirm if the specimen is really a CSF

Pre-albumin

A1-acidy glycoprotein is also known as

Orosomucoid

Levels of CRP is ____ in bacterial infection, and ____ in viral infection

High, decreased

Upon what is the intensity of the color produced in the biuret reaction dependent?

Number of peptied bonds

Most commonly used dye in the albumin determination

Bromcresol green

Most specific dye used in the albumin determination

Bromcresol purple

Slowest band in the normal serum protein

Gamma globulin

Beta-gamma bridging is observed in

Hepatic cirrhosis

TPN is obtained by multiplying the value of

6.25

NPN with greatest concentration

Urea

Synthesized from amino acid arginine, methionine, and glycine. It is increased in MUSCULAR dystrophies

Creatine

Major end product of purine metabolism

Uric acid

Increased level of serum albumin

Dehydration

Which of the following binds with hemoglobin to facilitate the removal of hemoglobin by the reticuloendothelial system

Haptoglobin

A copper transport protein that migrates as an alpha-globulin

Ceruloplasmin

Tyrosinemia is a condition involving deficiency in fumarylacetoacetase. This is characterized by excretion of tyrosine and tyrosine catabolites in urine.

1st is correct, 2nd is incorrect Excretion of tyrosine catabolites lang

Reference method for measuring glomerular filtrating rate

Inulin clearance

Pre-renal causes of azotemia Hemorrhage Burns High protein diet Tumors

C Tumors is post-renal

During chemotherapy for leukemia, which of the following analytes would most likely be elevated in the blood

Uric acid

Albumin is the most abundant protein and major transporter. It is an acute phase reactant

Both correct

Which of the following protein is not manufactured by the liver

IgG Immunoglobulins and some coag factors such as VWF

The protein that has the highest dye-binding capacity?

Albumin

In electrophoresis, when the sample is placed in an electric field connected to a buffer of 8.6, all proteins

have negative charge

MSUD is characterized by an increase in which of the following urinary amino acids?

Valine, Leucine, and isoleucine

PKU is deficient in what enzyme?

Phenylalanine hydroxylase

A patient is admitted with hepatic cirrhosis. If a serum protein electrophoresis is performed, which of the following globulin fractions will be most elevated?

Beta globulin and gamma globulin

Nephrotic syndrome electrophoresis increase

Alpha-2 globulin

Urea concentration is calculated from the BUN by multiplying by a factor of?

2.14

Used as an index of OVERALL renal function

Creatinine Inulin = reference method

In Jaffe reaction, creatinine reacts with

Alkaline picrate solution to yield an orange red-complex.

Which of the following represent the end-product of purine metabolism in humans

DNA and RNA

Salivary amylase

Ptyalin

From acinar cells of the pancreas for conversion of dextrin to maltose

Amylopsin

Greatest activity of serum ast and alt are seen in?

Acute viral hepatitis Hepatobillary = ALP and GGT Hepatocellular = ALP and AST

Malic dehydrogenase is added to the AST reaction catalyzes the conversion of

oxaloacetate to malate

Clinical assay for tumor marker is most important for

Monitoring the course of a known cancer

Tumor marker for breast cancer i. Estrogen receptor ii. Progesterone receptor iii. Her2/neu iv. BRCA-1

All of the above

Enzyme involved in the conversion of biliverdin to b1

Biliverdin reductase B1 to b2 = UDPGT

Delta bilirubin refers to?

Bilirubin tightly bound to albumin

jaundice is also known as “icterus”. This is due to the accumulation of abnormal amounts of conjugated bilirubin only.

1st is correct, 2nd incorrect

Elevated in post-hepatic jaundice

Direct bilirubin

The hereditary defect characterized by excretion deficit of conjugated bilirubin into the canaliculi caused by the hepatocyte membrane defect

Dubin-johnson and rotor syndrome

Danger of kernicterus is a certainty at bilirubin levels exceeding?

>20mg/dL treat with phototherapy

Which of the following is a characteristic of obstructive jaundice

The ration of direct to total bilirubin is greater than 1:2

Which statement about colorimetric bilirubin are true

Most method are based upon reaction with diazotized sulfanilic acid

Most commonly used method of bilirubin assay that uses caffeine sodium benzoate as a coupling accelerator

Jendrasskin - grof Si grof nagkakape (caffeine) gamit ang alkaline water na blue Si evelyn ay toxic (acid) dahil siya ay nag memethanol na red

Identify the tumor marker associated with the following types of cancer/carcinomas Amylase- Her2/neu- Nuclear matrix protein-

Amylase – Pancreatic Cancer Her2/neu – Breast cancer Nuclear matrix protein – Urinary bladder cancer

Function of protein (a)

Acid base balance (blood pH) Immunologic function

True about tertiary structure of proteins (a)

Maintained by electrovalent linkage

Simple protein (a) VLDL AAT Chromatin Ferritin

None

Pre albumin Known as transthyretin serves a a transport protein 2d halflife landmark to confirm csf

All are true

Most abundant protein is synthesized in the?

Liver

Maternal serum afp screening (a)

Neural tube defect, spina bifida, Down syndrome

Beta gamma bridging

Hepatic cirrhosis Presence of fibrinogen

Albumin is ___ in inflammation

decreased (negative APR)

Absence of alpha ketoacid decarboxylase

MSUD

True about inulin clearance Reference method of GFR Requires continuous IV infusion Routine method for measure of GFR

Reference method of GFR Requires continuous IV infusion

Test for GFR Creatinine clearance Cystatin C B trace protein Bun

Creatinine clearance Cystatin C B trace protein

Major end product of dietary protein and amino acid catabolism

BUN

Sample that can be used for uric acid determination Fasting Serum left at room temp for weeks Blood on tube containing potassium oxalate Serum frozen and thawed multiple times

Fasting sample

Increased BUN,crea, UA, and other nitrogenous waste

Uremia

Partial deficiency of UDPGT

Type 2 crigler najjar syndrome

TROP I Myoglobin BNP

Cardiac

Haptoglobin AMC Ceruloplasmin

Alpha-2 globulin

Diodrast test Phorosulfonthalein Osmolality

Measure tubular function

Chemistry week 2 exam Flashcards

(92 cards)