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MTAP 1 > Chemistry week 2 exam > Flashcards

Chemistry week 2 exam Flashcards

1
Q

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and lipids are the three major biochemical compounds of human metabolism. What is the element that distinguishes PROTEINS from carbohydrate lipid compound

A

Nitrogen

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2
Q

Considered as a negative acute phase reactant

A

Albumin

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3
Q

Marker for wilson’s disease

A

Ceruloplasmin

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4
Q

Basis for the kjeldahl technique for the determination of serum total proteins

A

Quantification of the nitrogen content of protein

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5
Q

Which of the following protein fraction has the greatest concentration in the serum of healthy individuals

A

Albumin

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6
Q

Inflammation would spike on what region?

A

Alpha 1, Alpha 2, and Beta

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7
Q

Major end product of protein and amino acid metabolism

A

Urea

Uric acid - end product of purine
Ammonia - end product of amino acid

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8
Q

In the ultraviolet procedure for quantifying uric acid, what does the reaction between uric and and uricase cause

A

Reduction of phosphotungstic acid

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9
Q

Which total protein requires copper sulfate, potassium iodide in sodium hydroxide, and potassium sodium TARTRATE in its reagent system

A

Biuret

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10
Q

Inulin clearance can be used for the assessment of glomerular filtration capacity because inulin is

A

Filtered by the glomerulus but not reabsorbed in the tubules

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11
Q

Total protein determination:
Biuret
Jaffe
Micro-kjeldahl nessler
Hexokinase

A

Biuret and Micro-kjeldahl

Jaffe - crea
Hexokinase - glucose

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12
Q

Multiple myeloma

A

Monoclonal peak Tall and spiked gamma globulin

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13
Q

Preferred dye for CSF eelectrophoresis

A

Coomasie Brillant Blue

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14
Q

Decreased AFP

A

Down syndrome

Spina bifida and Neural tube defects = increased

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15
Q

Almost 90% excreted in urine

A

Urea and creatinine

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16
Q

Urea determination

DAM
FEARON
JAFFE
CARAWAY

A

DAM - Diacetyl monoxime method
Fearon method

Jaffe method = creatinine
Caraway = Uric acid

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17
Q

Elevated creatinine level
Muscular dystrophies
Myasthenia gravis
Dermatomyositis
Familial periodic paralysis

A

ALL OF THE ABOVE

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18
Q

Post-renal causes of azotemia
Stones
Tumors
Prostatic enlargement
Dehydration

A

Stones
Tumors
Prostatic enlargement

Dehydration - pre-renal

Pre-renal is in blood circulation
renal is in kidney
post-renal is in urinary tract and bladder

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19
Q

Diminished glomerular filtration with normal renal function may cause

A

Elevated BUN and normal creatinine

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20
Q

Uric acid determination
Caraway method
Henry’s method
Uricase method
O-dianisidinemethod

A

Caraway method
Henry’s method
Uricase method

O-dianisidinemethod - glucose

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21
Q

Jaffe reagent is an unstable reagent that will convert into? upon prolonged standing

A

Picramic acid and methyl guanidine

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22
Q

The laboratory test used for diagnosis of cystinuria is sodium nitroprusside test. The positive end color for this is red-purple

A

1st statement is incorrect, second is correct

Cyanide nitroprusside dapat hindi sodium nitroprusside

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23
Q

Patients with multiple myeloma would have an increased amount of bence jones proteins. This creates the characteristic monoclonal peak and tall and curved pattern

A

Both statements are correct

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24
Q

An alpha-1 flat curved would be observed in albumin deficiency, it is associated with nephrotic syndrome

A

Both false

Alpha-1 flat curved = juvenile cirrhosis
Nephrotic syndrome = Alpha 2 spike

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25
Q

Fuller’s earth, which is used in the modified jaffe reaction is composed of sodium aluminum silicate. Alkaline picrate solution is used in the enzymatic reaction for creatinine determination

A

1st statement is incorrect, 2nd is correct

Fuller’s earth is composed of aluminum magnesium silicate. Sodium aluminum silicate is for Lloyd’s.

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26
Q

Reye’s syndrome can be diagnosed by measuring ammonia levels in CSF. Ammonia is the product of amino acid decarboxylation

A

Both incorrect

ammonia’s level should be increased in serum.
Ammonia is the product of amino acid deamination

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27
Q

Serves as transport protein for T4 and retinol

A

Transthyretin

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28
Q

Landmark to confirm if the specimen is really a CSF

A

Pre-albumin

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29
Q

A1-acidy glycoprotein is also known as

A

Orosomucoid

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30
Q

Levels of CRP is ____ in bacterial infection, and ____ in viral infection

A

High, decreased

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31
Q

Upon what is the intensity of the color produced in the biuret reaction dependent?

A

Number of peptied bonds

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32
Q

Most commonly used dye in the albumin determination

A

Bromcresol green

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33
Q

Most specific dye used in the albumin determination

A

Bromcresol purple

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34
Q

Slowest band in the normal serum protein

A

Gamma globulin

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35
Q

Beta-gamma bridging is observed in

A

Hepatic cirrhosis

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36
Q

TPN is obtained by multiplying the value of

A

6.25

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37
Q

NPN with greatest concentration

A

Urea

38
Q

Synthesized from amino acid arginine, methionine, and glycine. It is increased in MUSCULAR dystrophies

A

Creatine

39
Q

Major end product of purine metabolism

A

Uric acid

40
Q

Increased level of serum albumin

A

Dehydration

41
Q

Which of the following binds with hemoglobin to facilitate the removal of hemoglobin by the reticuloendothelial system

A

Haptoglobin

42
Q

A copper transport protein that migrates as an alpha-globulin

A

Ceruloplasmin

43
Q

Tyrosinemia is a condition involving deficiency in fumarylacetoacetase. This is characterized by excretion of tyrosine and tyrosine catabolites in urine.

A

1st is correct, 2nd is incorrect

Excretion of tyrosine catabolites lang

44
Q

Reference method for measuring glomerular filtrating rate

A

Inulin clearance

45
Q

Pre-renal causes of azotemia
Hemorrhage
Burns
High protein diet
Tumors

A

C

Tumors is post-renal

46
Q

During chemotherapy for leukemia, which of the following analytes would most likely be elevated in the blood

A

Uric acid

47
Q

Albumin is the most abundant protein and major transporter. It is an acute phase reactant

A

Both correct

48
Q

Which of the following protein is not manufactured by the liver

A

IgG

Immunoglobulins and some coag factors such as VWF

49
Q

The protein that has the highest dye-binding capacity?

A

Albumin

50
Q

In electrophoresis, when the sample is placed in an electric field connected to a buffer of 8.6, all proteins

A

have negative charge

51
Q

MSUD is characterized by an increase in which of the following urinary amino acids?

A

Valine, Leucine, and isoleucine

52
Q

PKU is deficient in what enzyme?

A

Phenylalanine hydroxylase

53
Q

A patient is admitted with hepatic cirrhosis. If
a serum protein electrophoresis is performed,
which of the following globulin fractions will be most elevated?

A

Beta globulin and gamma globulin

54
Q

Nephrotic syndrome electrophoresis increase

A

Alpha-2 globulin

55
Q

Urea concentration is calculated from the BUN by multiplying by a factor of?

A

2.14

56
Q

Used as an index of OVERALL renal function

A

Creatinine

Inulin = reference method

57
Q

In Jaffe reaction, creatinine reacts with

A

Alkaline picrate solution to yield an
orange red-complex.

58
Q

Which of the following represent the end-product of purine metabolism in humans

A

DNA and RNA

59
Q

Salivary amylase

A

Ptyalin

60
Q

From acinar cells of the pancreas for conversion of dextrin to maltose

A

Amylopsin

61
Q

Greatest activity of serum ast and alt are seen in?

A

Acute viral hepatitis

Hepatobillary = ALP and GGT
Hepatocellular = ALP and AST

62
Q

Malic dehydrogenase is added to the AST reaction catalyzes the conversion of

A

oxaloacetate to malate

63
Q

Clinical assay for tumor marker is most
important for

A

Monitoring the course of a known cancer

64
Q

Tumor marker for breast cancer
i. Estrogen receptor
ii. Progesterone receptor
iii. Her2/neu
iv. BRCA-1

A

All of the above

65
Q

Enzyme involved in the conversion of biliverdin to b1

A

Biliverdin reductase

B1 to b2 = UDPGT

66
Q

Delta bilirubin refers to?

A

Bilirubin tightly bound to albumin

67
Q

jaundice is also known as “icterus”. This is due
to the accumulation of abnormal amounts of
conjugated bilirubin only.

A

1st is correct, 2nd incorrect

68
Q

Elevated in post-hepatic jaundice

A

Direct bilirubin

69
Q

The hereditary defect characterized by
excretion deficit of conjugated bilirubin into
the canaliculi caused by the hepatocyte
membrane defect

A

Dubin-johnson and rotor syndrome

70
Q

Danger of kernicterus is a certainty at bilirubin levels exceeding?

A

> 20mg/dL

treat with phototherapy

71
Q

Which of the following is a characteristic of obstructive jaundice

A

The ration of direct to total bilirubin is greater than 1:2

72
Q

Which statement about colorimetric bilirubin are true

A

Most method are based upon
reaction with diazotized sulfanilic
acid

73
Q

Most commonly used method of bilirubin assay that uses caffeine sodium benzoate as a coupling accelerator

A

Jendrasskin - grof

Si grof nagkakape (caffeine) gamit ang alkaline water na blue

Si evelyn ay toxic (acid) dahil siya ay nag memethanol na red

74
Q

Identify the tumor marker associated with the
following types of cancer/carcinomas
Amylase-
Her2/neu-
Nuclear matrix protein-

A

Amylase – Pancreatic Cancer
Her2/neu – Breast cancer
Nuclear matrix protein – Urinary
bladder cancer

75
Q

Function of protein (a)

A

Acid base balance (blood pH)
Immunologic function

76
Q

True about tertiary structure of proteins (a)

A

Maintained by electrovalent linkage

77
Q

Simple protein (a)
VLDL
AAT
Chromatin
Ferritin

A

None

78
Q

Pre albumin
Known as transthyretin
serves a a transport protein
2d halflife
landmark to confirm csf

A

All are true

79
Q

Most abundant protein is synthesized in the?

A

Liver

80
Q

Maternal serum afp screening (a)

A

Neural tube defect, spina bifida, Down syndrome

81
Q

Beta gamma bridging

A

Hepatic cirrhosis
Presence of fibrinogen

82
Q

Albumin is ___ in inflammation

A

decreased (negative APR)

83
Q

Absence of alpha ketoacid decarboxylase

A

MSUD

84
Q

True about inulin clearance
Reference method of GFR
Requires continuous IV infusion
Routine method for measure of GFR

A

Reference method of GFR
Requires continuous IV infusion

85
Q

Test for GFR
Creatinine clearance
Cystatin C
B trace protein
Bun

A

Creatinine clearance
Cystatin C
B trace protein

86
Q

Major end product of dietary protein and amino acid catabolism

A

BUN

87
Q

Sample that can be used for uric acid determination
Fasting
Serum left at room temp for weeks
Blood on tube containing potassium oxalate
Serum frozen and thawed multiple times

A

Fasting sample

88
Q

Increased BUN,crea, UA, and other nitrogenous waste

A

Uremia

89
Q

Partial deficiency of UDPGT

A

Type 2 crigler najjar syndrome

90
Q

TROP I
Myoglobin
BNP

A

Cardiac

91
Q

Haptoglobin
AMC
Ceruloplasmin

A

Alpha-2 globulin

92
Q

Diodrast test
Phorosulfonthalein
Osmolality

A

Measure tubular function

MTAP 1 (22 decks)

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