Chemokines, Neutrophils, Monocytes

Question 1

Components of innate immunity

Answer 1

Epi barriers
Phagocytes = Neutrophils, Monocytes
Dendritic cells
NK cells
The complement system
Cytokines
Chemokines

Question 2

Unique property of the immune system

Answer 2

Constant and highly regulated movement through the blood — into tissues— back into the blood

Question 3

The movement of immune system accomplishes 3 main functions

Answer 3

Eliminating infectious pathogens
Clearing dead tissues
Repairing the damage

Question 4

Role of IL-8 in immune system

Answer 4

Call *neutrophils and other immune cells to inflammation area

Question 5

Neutrophils and monocytes arise in

Answer 5

Bone marrow

Question 6

Delivery of lymphocytes from their site of maturation to peripheral lymphoid organs result with

Answer 6

Recognition of cells
Proliferation
Differentiate to effector and memory lymphocytes

Question 7

Naive B and T cells migrate into which organ?
What do they differentiate into?

Answer 7

Secondary Lymph nodes—> LN, Spleen
Differentiate into Effector lymphocytes

Question 8

After the secondary lymphoid organ which cells go to the infected area

Answer 8

Effector T cells
Memory cells

Question 9

Pathway of monocytes and neutrophils to go to infected area and come back to the blood stream

Answer 9

1- Monocytes, neutrophils migrate to the infected area with chemotactic activities
2- Phagocyte the microbe
3- Take pathogens to LN
4- Naive T cells become effector or memory cells in secondary LN
5- Effector and memory cells go to the infected area

Question 10

Leukocyte homing

Answer 10

Migration of leukocyte out of the blood and into a particular tissue or to a site of an infection

Question 11

Adhesion of leukocytes to endothelia is mediated by

Answer 11

Selectins= Rolling, Adhesion
Integrin= Tight adhesion

Question 12

Steps of chemotaxis

Answer 12

1- Rolling on vessel wall
2- Adhesion
3-Diapedesis
4- Phagocytosis and destruction of C3b-coated bacteria

Question 13

Calling factors for inflammation molecules

Answer 13

C3a
C5a
Histamine
PGs
Leukotrienes
LPS
IL-1
TNF-a

Question 14

Which molecules provide for the navigational cues

Answer 14

Chemokines

Question 15

Which molecules promote recruitment and activation of leukocytes

Answer 15

Chemokines

Question 16

Classification of Chemokines

Answer 16

1- Structural
2-Functional

Question 17

Functional classification

Answer 17

1- Inflammatory — produced by inflammatory response
2-Hemostasis — produced by healthy tissue

Question 18

Which cells can produce Chemokines

Answer 18

Leukocytes
Platelets
Keratinocytes and fibroblasts
Endo cells and epi cells

Question 19

How does Selectins and integrins make adhesion

Answer 19

Selectin-Selectin receptor binding
Integrin-integrin receptor binding

Question 20

Which cells should have granules and why

Answer 20

Neutrophils
In order to damage the bacteria

Question 21

In blood count which cells have the highest percentage

Answer 21

Neutrophils

Question 22

Main features of Neutrophils

Answer 22

First circulating cells to migrate to the site of infection
Eliminate invading microorganisms through phagocytosis
Release cytokines and Chemokines
Contribute to the development of adaptive immunity
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes PMNs
Most abundant leukocytes in blood
Produced in BM

Question 23

Neutrophil mediators

Answer 23

Cytokines —> IL-1beta, TNF-a
Chemokines —> IL-8
Growth factors —> G-CSF, GM-CSF
ROS —> superoxide

Question 24

Effects of Growth factor: G-CSF, GM-CSF

Answer 24

Effect BM to secrete more lymphocyte

Question 25

When monocytes become macrophages

Answer 25

When they migrate into tissues

Question 26

Origin of activated macrophages

Answer 26

BM—Hematopoietic stem cells— Monocyte precursor— Monocyte— Macrophage— Activated macrophage

Question 27

Main functions of Neutrophils and Macrophages

Answer 27

Neutrophils— killing
Macrophages— presenting cells