Innate Immunity

Question 1

Components of the innate immune system

Answer 1

Neutrophils
Macrophages
NK cells
Mast cells
Eosinophils
Basophils
Epithelial cells
Fibroblast cells

Question 2

Origin of Dendritic cells

Answer 2

Haemopoietic stem cells

Question 3

Origin of Lymphocyte progenitor

Answer 3

Haemopoietic stem cell

Question 4

Origin of Myleoid progenitor

Answer 4

Haemopoietic stem cell

Question 5

What does Lymphocyte progenitor give rise to

Answer 5

NK cells
Thymus— CD8 T, CD4 T
Plasma cell
B cell

Question 6

What does Myleoid progenitor give rise to

Answer 6

Basophils
Monocytes— Macrophages
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Mast cell

Question 7

Features of Recognition mechanisms of innate immunity

Answer 7

Rapid response (hours)
Fixed
Limited number of specificities
Constant during response

Question 8

Features of recognition mechanism of adaptive immunity

Answer 8

Slow response
Variable
Numerous highly selective specificities
Improve during response

Question 9

What are the first cytokines that are produced in the innate immunity

Answer 9

TNF-a
IL-12
IFN-a

Question 10

What determines the quarantine duration

Answer 10

Until the adaptive immunity steps in
Until the ab production starts

Question 11

Physico-chemical barriers of innate immunity

Answer 11

Skin
Mucus
Cilia

Question 12

Chemical barriers of urogenital tract

Answer 12

Acidity in vaginal secretions
Spearmint and zinc in semen

Question 13

Anti-microbial peptides are made by

Answer 13

Neutrophils and some epi cells

Question 14

When does Adaptive immunity starts

Answer 14

When specific ag is recognized and B,T cell activation occurs
Ab production

Question 15

Which cells recruited from blood

Answer 15

Neutrophils

Question 16

Which cells are tissue resident

Answer 16

Macrophages
Dendritic cells

Question 17

Which cells encounter first ag

Answer 17

Neutrophils
Macrophages

Question 18

Role of selectin

Answer 18

Rolling adhesion
Helps against the fast flow of blood

Question 19

Role of integrin

Answer 19

Tight binding

Question 20

Steps of Complement mediated phagocytosis

Answer 20

1- Cleavage and activation of the complement
2- Complement divides into 2 parts
3- One of them binds to bacterium
4- One of them attracts an effector cell
5-Complement receptor on the cell binds to Complment-bacterium
6- Engulf the bacterium, kill it

Question 21

Phagocytosis Granules

Answer 21

Primary Granules
Secondary Granules — phagocyte oxidase
Lysosomes — digestive enzymes

Question 22

2 systems of Phagocytotic killing

Answer 22

1-Oxygen-depended system— powerful microbicidal agents
2-Oxygen-independent system — anaerobic conditions

Question 23

Chronic granulomatous disease

Answer 23

Genetic defect in phagocyte oxidase
Susceptibility to bacterial infections

Question 24

Innate-immune system recognizes which type of microbes

Answer 24

Conserved microbes

Question 25

T and B lymphocytes recognizes which type of molecules

Answer 25

T= Protein B= Every type

Question 26

Which receptor sense the molecules of pathogens

Answer 26

Toll-like receptors

Question 27

2 types of TLRs

Answer 27

On the membrane Inside of the cell

Question 28

TLR3 recognizes

Answer 28

DsRNA

Question 29

TLR4 recognizes

Answer 29

LPS

Question 30

TLR5 recognizes

Answer 30

Flagellin

Question 31

TLR7 recognizes

Answer 31

Viral ssRNA

Question 32

TLR9 recognizes

Answer 32

CpG DNA

Question 33

Which TLRs are inside the cell

Answer 33

TLR3 TLR7 TLR9

Question 34

2 roles of anti-viral immunity

Answer 34

Blocking infection Blocking viral replication

Question 35

What does virus-infected cell produces or act on neighboring cells

Answer 35

Interferon-a

Question 36

Source of NK cells

Answer 36

Bone marrow

Question 37

Function of NK cells

Answer 37

Cytotoxic for=Tumor cells, Viral infected cells , Bacterial,fungal,parasitic infection Responsible for ab-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity

Question 38

Diseases that associated with increased infection

Answer 38

Immune-deficiencies Complement deficiencies Chronic Granulomatous disease

Question 39

Diseases that associated with relapsing immune activation

Answer 39

Familial Mediterranean Fever