Chemoprophylaxis And Host Determinants Of Response Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

Question 1

Classify chemoprophylaxis

Answer 1

Primary
Prevention of an illness

Secondary early diagnosis and intervention before symptoms occur

Tertiary

Eliminate or reduce long-term improvements and disabilities caused by the infection

Question 2

The goal of chemoprophylaxis is to reduce the risk of surgical site infections by….

Answer 2

Preventing infections in any part of the operative field from superficial wounds, down to the deepest tissue involved

Post operative infection occurring at other sites e.g respiratory or urinary tract

Question 3

The probability of surgical site infection depends on ….

Answer 3

The patient’s general health

The risk of contamination of the wound

Duration of the operation

Question 4

What is the principle of surgical prophylaxis ?

Answer 4

To achieve effective Antimicrobial concentration within the wound before bacterial contamination occurs

Question 5

Surgical prophylaxis should be administered not earlier than 30 mins before the operation and not later than ……

Answer 5

2 hrs after the operation

Question 6

The prophylaxis should be administered before any tourniquet is applied to reduce the blood flow to the surgical site

Question 7

For drugs with short half life additional dose may be required during the operation if……

Answer 7

The operation is prolonged

If there’s substantial blood loss

Question 8

In treatment of traveller’s diarrhoea, early treatment of symptomatic cases is highly effective and preferable compared to chemoprophylaxis T/F

Question 9

Why is primary prevention required in patient undergoing dental procedures to prevent infective endocarditis?

Answer 9

Because the normal oral flora account for a substantial proportion of cases of endocarditis and recent dental treatment is a known risk factor

Question 12

What are the risk-based assessments for intrapartum exposure to maternal infection

Answer 12

1. Women with known risk factors I.e previous babies with neonatal group B streptococcal infections are given penicillin prophylaxis
2. Intrapartum prophylaxis are given to mothers with group B streptococcal bacteriuria or premature delivery of mothers exhibiting intrapartum fever

Question 13

The three approaches for chemoprophylaxis in intrapartum exposure to maternal infections

Answer 13

Risk based assessments uk
Bacteriological screening USA
Bacteriological screening with targeted prophylaxis ( combination of one and 2) canada

Question 14

The current agents of choice for N.meningitidis are

Answer 14

Rifampicin
Ciprofloxacin