Chen Section

Question 1

How do you calculate sensitivity?

Answer 1

TP / (TP + FN)

Question 2

How do you calculate specificity?

Answer 2

TN / (TN + FP)

Question 3

______ is the ability of a test to identify correctly those who have the disease.
–> Proportion of disease people who are correctly identified as positive by a test. “True Positives”

Answer 3

Sensitivity

Question 4

How do you calculate the false negative %?

Answer 4

100% - sensitivity

Question 5

______ is the ability of a test to identify correctly those who do not have a disease.
—> Proportion of non-diseased people who are correctly identified as ‘negative’ by a test. “True Negatives”

Answer 5

Specificity

Question 6

How do you calculate the false positive %

Answer 6

100 - specificity

Question 7

_____ is the rate of disease in a population

Answer 7

Morbidity
—> Described by incidence rate, prevalence, attack rate

Question 8

______ is the # of new cases of disease which occur in a specified time in a population at risk for a disease?

Answer 8

Incidence Rate

Question 9

Incidence Rate calculation

Answer 9

(# of new cases in period of time) / (# of individuals at risk of develop disease in that time)

• 100

Question 10

______ is the # of individuals affected present in a population at a specific time divided by the number of peiple in the population.

Answer 10

Prevalence

Question 11

How is prevalence calculated?

Answer 11

(# of cases of diases present at specific time)
/
(#of person in population at that time)

Question 12

_____ is the # of people exposed AND get associated outcome divided by the total number exposed?

Answer 12

Attack Rate

Question 13

_____ is used to adjust for differences in populations when comparing rates amongst groups

Answer 13

Standardization

Question 14

______ estimates the rate of disease or death in the study population as if it had the same age distribution as a standard population.

Answer 14

Direct Standardization

Question 15

_____ compares the observed rate of disease or death in the study population to the expected rate based on a standard population.

Answer 15

Indirect Standardization.

Question 16

How does the width of a confidence interval tell us the reliability of the data?

Answer 16

Wider = Less reliable

Question 17

For differences, how can we tell if data is statistically significant for confidence intervals?

Answer 17

If range crosses 0 then it is not significant.

Question 18

For ratios, how can we tell if data is statistically significant based on the confidence interval?

Answer 18

If range crosses 1, then it is not significant.

Question 19

How do you calculate relative risk?

Answer 19

See page 28 of study guide!!!!

Question 20

How do you calculate the odds ratio?

Answer 20

See page 29 of the study guide!!!!

Question 21

Are risk or odds ratios preferred for prospective cohort trials?

Answer 21

Risk Ratios

Question 22

Are risk or odds ratios preferred for retrospective, case-control trials?

Answer 22

Odds ratios.

Question 23

_____ is the amount of disease or risk that is attributable to a specific exposure..

Answer 23

Attributable risk

Question 24

_____ is the attributable risk of an entire population whether or not all in a population had a direct exposure?

Answer 24

Population Attributable risk

Question 25

How to calculate hazard ratios?

Answer 25

See page 30 of study guide

Question 26

____ is the number of patients who would need to receive treatment for 1 patient to benefit.

Answer 26

Number needed to treat

Question 27

____ is the number of patients who would need to receive treatment for 1 patient to be harmed.

Answer 27

Number needed to harm.