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Radiology > Chest > Flashcards

Chest Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

Anterior Mediastinal Mass

A

1) Thymus
- Thymic cyst (congenital or s/p XRT)
- Nodular hyperplasia
- Lymphoma/Leukemia
- Thymolipoma
- Thymoma
- Thymic carcinoma
2) Lymphoma
3) Germ Cell Tumor
- Teratoma
- Seminoma
- Non-Seminomatous GCT
4) Thyroid
- Goiter
- Thyroid cancer
5) Epicardial Cyst
6) Morgagni Hernia
7) Ascending Aortic Aneurysm
8) Prominent Epicardial Fat Pad
- Fat necrosis

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2
Q

Middle Mediastinal Mass

A

1) Lymphadenopathy
- Mets
- Lymphoma
- Granulomatous infection
- Castleman’s
2) Foregut Duplication Cyst
- Bronchogenic cyst
- Esophageal cyst
3) Aortic Aneurysm
4) Abscess
5) Hematoma
6) Esophageal Tumor
7) Tracheal Tumor
8) Fibrosing Mediastinitis (Histo, TB)
9) Mediastinal Lipomatosis
10) Large PAs d/t Pulmonary HTN
11) Hiatal Hernia
12) Neurenteric Tumor
- Schwannoma
- Paraganglioma
13) Cardiac Tumor

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3
Q

Posterior Mediastinal Mass

A

1) Neurenteric Tumor
- Schwannoma
- Paraganglioma
- Neuroblastoma
- Ganglioneuroma
2) Vertebral Neoplasm
- ABC
- Mets
- Myeloma
- Chondrosarcoma
- Osteosarcoma
3) Extramedullary Hematopoiesis
4) Paraspinal Abscess
5) Lateral Thoracic Meningocele (NF1)
6) Foregut Duplication Cyst
7) Esophageal Varices
8) Bochdalek Hernia

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4
Q

Fatty Mediastinal Masses

A

1) Thymolipoma
2) Teratoma
3) Mediastinal Lipomatosis
4) Prominent Epicardial Fat Pad
- Fat necrosis
5) Diaphragmatic Hernia w/ Fat
6) Lipoma/Liposarcoma

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5
Q

Complex Cystic Mediastinal Masses

A

1) Foregut Duplication cyst
2) Cystic Thymolipoma
3) Cystic Teratoma
4) Aneurysm
5) Pericardial Recess
6) Hematoma
7) Abscess
8) Necrotic Met
9) Cystic Degeneration of Lymphoma

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6
Q

Right Cardiophrenic Mass

A

1) Epicardial Cyst
2) Prominent Epicardial Fat Pat
3) Morgagni Hernia
4) Cardiac Tumor
5) Thymolipoma
6) Lymph Node

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7
Q

Diffuse Mediastinal Widening

A

1) Vascular
- Hematoma
- Aortic rupture
- Aortic dissection
- Aneurysm
2) Infection
- Mediastinitis
- Abscess
3) Tumors
- Lymphadenopathy
- Lymphoma
4) Mediastinal Lipomatosis

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8
Q

Pneumomediastinum

A

1) Chronic Lung Dz
- Asthma
- COPD
2) Trauma
- Barotrauma
- Tracheobronchial injury
- Vomiting (Boerhaave’s Syndrome)
3) Positive Pressure Ventilation
4) Post-op
5) Air from Other Compartments
- Cervical
- Abdomen

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9
Q

Infectious Mediastinitis

A

1) Esophageal Perforation
- Endoscopy
- Tumor
- Boerhaave’s syndrome
2) Bacterial
- Lungs/LN/pleura
- Cervical/Abdomen
3) Post-op

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10
Q

Fibrosing Mediastinitis

A

1) Granulomatous Infection
- Histo (most common)
- TB
- Sarcoid
2) Autoimmune
- SLE
- RA
3) Sclerosing Mediastinitis (idiopathic)
4) Drugs
- Methysergide (for migraines)
5) IgG4

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11
Q

Bilateral Hilar/Mediastinal Lymphadenopathy

A

1) Lymphoma
2) Sarcoidosis
3) Infection (typical, atypical)
4) Fungal Infections
- Histo
- Coccidiodes
5) Pneumoconiosis
6) Mets (extra-thoracic 1ry)

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12
Q

Unilateral Hilar/Mediastinal Enlargement

A

1) TB
2) Lung ca
3) Lymphoma
4) PE
5) Pulmonary AVF
6) Partial Absence Left Pericardium
7) Lymphoma
8) Post-Stenotic (PA stenosis)

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13
Q

Hilar/Mediastinal Lymphadenopathy in AIDS

A

1) Lymphoma
2) Kaposi’s Sarcoma
3) Bacterial Infection
4) Fungal Infection
5) TB

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14
Q

Mediastinal Calcification

A

1) LNs
- TB
- Sarcoidosis
- Pneumoconiosis
- Treated lymphoma
2) Teratoma
3) Fibrosing Mediastinitis
4) Contrast (pseudocalcification)

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15
Q

Egg Shell Calcification

A

1) Silicosis
2) Sarcoidosis
3) Rare –> Tx lymphoma, Coal workers lung

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16
Q

Solitary Pulmonary Nodule

A

1) Malignant Tumor
- Lung carcinoma
- Single met
- Lymphoma
- Carcinoid
2) Benign Tumor
- Hamartoma
- Lipoma
- Chondroma
- Intraparenchymal LN
- Bronchogenic cyst (15% peripheral)
3) Infectious
- Granuloma
- Round pneumonia
- Fungal ball
4) Inflammatory
- Vasculitis
- Rheumatoid nodule
5) Vascular
- Infarct
- AVM
6) Splenosis

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17
Q

Multiple Pulmonary Nodules

A

1) Malignant
- Invasive adenocarcinoma
- Mets –> breast, RCC, GI, ovary, testicle, sarcomas
- Lymphoma
2) Infectious
- TB
- Fungal
- Viral
- Laryngeal papillomatosis
3) Inflammatory
- Sarcoid
- Rheumatoid nodules
- GPA
- LCH
- LIP
- Mucoid impaction
4) Misc
- Trauma
- AVMs
- Multiple hamartomas

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18
Q

Milliary Nodules

A

1) Miliary TB
2) Sarcoidosis
3) Disseminated Fungal Infection
4) Mets (thyroid, melanoma, choriocarcinoma)
5) Pneumoconioses
6) Viral Pneumonias (varicella)
7) LCH

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19
Q

Calcified Pulmonary Nodules

A

1) Infectious
- TB
- Sarcoid
- Varicella
2) Hamartoma
3) Pneumoconiosis
4) Amyloidosis
5) Pulmonary Alveolar Microlithiasis
6) Metastatic Pulmonary Calcification

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20
Q

Thick-Walled Cavitary Nodule

A

1) Necrotizing Pneumonia
- TB
- NTM
- Aspiration
- Fungal
- Bacterial –> Staph, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas
2) Septic Emboli
3) 1ry Lung Cancer
4) Mets
5) Vasculitis
6) Necrobiotic Rheumatoid Nodule
7) LCH
8) Congenital Lesions
- CPAM
- Sequestration
9) Pneumatoceles
10) Papillomatosis
11) Cavitating Infarct

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21
Q

Thin-Walled Lung Cavities

A

1) Blebs/Bullae
2) Pneumatocele
3) Congenital Lung Cyst
4) Cystic Bronchiectasis

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22
Q

Cavities w/ Air-Fluid Levels

A

1) Cavitating Lung Cancer
2) GPA
3) Mycetoma
4) Abscess
5) Infected Bullae
6) Infected Lung Cyst
7) Necrobiotic Rheumatoid Nodule
8) Infection of Pre-Existing Cavity

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23
Q

Lung Cysts

A

1) LAM
2) LCH
3) LIP
4) PJP
5) Birt-Hogg-Dube
6) DIP

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24
Q

Centrilobular Nodules

A

1) Bronchopneumonia
2) RB-ILD
3) HP
4) Pneumoconiosis
5) Follicular Bronchiolitis

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25
Perilymphatic Nodules
1) Sarcoidosis 2) Lymphangitic Carcinomatosis 3) Pneumoconiosis 4) Lymphoma 5) Kaposi's Sarcoma
26
Random Nodules
1) Milliary TB 2) Fungal Infection 3) Mets 4) Invasive Adenocarcinoma 5) LCH 6) Septic Emboli
27
Crazy Paving
1) Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis 2) ARDS 3) Hemorrhage 4) Lipoid Pneumonia 5) Drug Rxn 6) ADenocarcinoma 7) PJP 8) Organizing Pneumonia
28
Nodular Septal Thickening
1) Lymphangitic Carcinomatosis 2) Sarcoidosis 3) Pneumoconiosis
29
Smooth Septal thickening
1) Pulmonary Edema 2) Hemorrhage 3) PAP 4) PJP 5) Fibrosis
30
Lymphangitic Carcinomatosis
1) Unilateral - Lung Ca 2) Bilateral - Breast - Prostate - Colon - Stomach
31
Acute Consolidation
1) Infection 2) Hemorrhage 3) Edema 4) ARDS
32
Chronic Consolidation
1) Organizing pneumonia 2) Chronic Eosinophilic Pneumonia 3) Invasive Adenocarcinoma 4) Lymphoma 5) Sarcoidosis 6) DIP
33
Unilateral ILD
1) Lymphangitic Carcinomatosis 2) Re-Expansion Edema 3) Post-XRT 4) ILD Post-Transplant
34
Basal ILD
``` "BALD ASS VR" B - Bronchiectasis A - Aspiration L - Lymphangitic Carcinomatosis D - DIP, Drugs A - Asbestosis, A-1 Antitrypsin dz S - Sarcoidosis S - Scleroderma V - Viral Pneumonia R - RA, Other CTDs (Dermatomyositis, Polymyositis) ```
35
Upper ILD
1) Sarcoidosis 2) Pneumoconiosis 3) HP 4) TB 5) LCH 6) Ankylosing Spondylitis 7) Idiopathic Pleuropulmonary Fibroelastosis
36
Large Lung Volumes
1) COPD 2) CF 3) LAM 4) LCH 5) Asthma 6) Bronchiolitis
37
Tree-in-Bud Nodules
1) TB 2) NTM Infection 3) Airway-Invasive Aspergillosis 4) ABPA 5) Aspiration 6) CF, PCD
38
Finger-in-Glove Opacities
1) ABPA 2) Bronchial Atresia 3) CF
39
Unilateral Hyperlucent Lung
1) Chest Wall - Mastectomy - Poland Syndrome 2) PTX (supine) 3) Vascular - Interruption/Hypoplasia of PA - Massive PE 4) Central Airway Obstruction w/ Air Trapping - FB - CLE - Bronchial Atresia - Bronchiolitis Obliterans 5) Giant Bullous Emphysema (young male)
40
Complete Opacification of Pneumothorax
``` "FAT CHANCE" F - Fibrothorax A - Adenomatoid Malformation T - Trauma (hemothorax) C - Collapse H - Hernia A - Agenesis of lung N - Neoplasm (mesothelioma) C - Consolidation E - Effusion ```
41
Unilateral Elevated Hemithorax
1) Diaphragmatic Paralysis - Iatrogenic - Tumor - Trauma 2) Eventration 3) Subpulmonic Effusion 4) Atelectasis 5) Lung Resection 6) Hypoplastic Lung 7) Traumatic Rupture of Diaphragm
42
Bilateral Elevated Hemithorax
1) Shallow Inspiration 2) Restrictive Lung Dz 3) Abdominal Cause - Pregnancy - Mass - Ascites 4) Muscle Weakness - SLE - Myasthenia gravis - ALS
43
Unilateral Small Lung
1) Swyer-James 2) Proximal Interruption of PA 3) Scimitar Syndrome 4) Lobectomy 5) Mass Effect - CDH - CPAM - Sequestration
44
PTX w/ Otherwise Normal CXR
1) Spontaneous (tall thin man) 2) Apical Blebs 3) Trauma 4) Mets 5) Underlying Lung Dz - LCH - LAM - Asthma
45
Unilateral Pleural Effusion w/ Normal Lungs
1) Pleural Mets (breast, lung) 2) TB 3) Collagen Vascular Dz - SLE - RA 3) PE 4) Trauma 5) Chylothorax 6) Pancreatitits 7) Post-Pericardiotomy Syndrome 8) Asbestos-Related Pleuritis 9) Mesothelioma 10) Peritoneal Dialysis
46
Left Pleural Effusion
1) Pancreatitis 2) PE 3) Trauma 4) Boerhaave's Syndrome 5) Constrictive Pericarditis 6) Left Heart Failure 7) Subphrenic Abscess
47
Right Pleural Effusion
1) Left Heart Failure 2) Cirrhosis 3) Ascites 4) Subphrenic Abscess
48
Bronchiolitis Obliterans
1) Post-Lung Transplant 2) GVHD (in BMT) 3) Idiopathic 4) Infection 5) Drug Toxicity 6) Autoimmune Dz (RA, Sjogren)
49
Fleeting Infiltrates
1) Drug Rxn 2) Organizing Pneumonia 3) Eosinophilic Lung Dz 4) ABPA
50
Peripheral Opacities
1) Eosinophilic Lung Dz 2) Organizing Pneumonia 3) HP 4) Vasculitis 5) COVID 6) Fungal Infecions 7) Hemorrhagic Mets 8) Septic Emboli 9) Resolving Pulmonary Edema
51
Nodule w/ Air Bronchogram
1) Adenocarcinoma 2) Vasculitis 3) Sarcoidosis 4) Kaposi's Sarcoma 5) Lymphoma
52
Diffuse Interstitial Disease
``` "SCHLITZ" S - Sarcoidosis C - Collagen vascular dz H - Histiocytosis L - Lymphangitic carcinomatosis I - Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis T - Tuberous sclerosis Z - Pneumoconiosis ```
53
Chronic GGO
1) Adenocarcinoma 2) Organizing Pneumonia 3) Chronic Eosinophilic Pneumonia 4) Interstitial Pneumonias 5) HP 6) PAP 7) Drug Rxn
54
Central GGO
1) Edema 2) Hemorrhage 3) PJP 4) PAP
55
Peripheral GGO
1) Organizing Pneumonia 2) Eosinophilic Lung Dz 3) Non-Cardiogenic Edema
56
Chest Wall Mass
1) Pleural Based Tumors - Lipoma - Solitary fibrous tumor 2) Neurogenic Tumor - Schwannoma/Neurofibroma - Ganglioneuroma - Neuroblastoma 3) Bone Tumor - FD - Enchondroma - Osteochondroma - Ewing's - Mets - Myeloma - Chondrosarcoma - Osteosarcoma 4) Extrapleural Hematoma 5) Empyema 6) Mass-Like Infection - Actinomycosis - TB - Blastomycosis - Nocardia
57
Cardiac Calcification
1) Aortic/Mitral Valves 2) Coronary Arteries 3) Mitral/Aortic Annulus ("C" or "J" shaped) 4) Pericardium 5) Myocardium 6) Cardiac Tumors
58
Focal Tracheal Mass
1) Foreign Body 2) Benign Tumors - Papilloma - Hamartoma - Chondroma - Hemangioma - Leiomyoma 4) Malignant Tumors - SCC - Adenoid cystic carcinoma - Mucoepidermoid carcionoma - Mets (lung, thyroid, esophagus, larynx)
59
Focal Tracheal Narrowing
1) Post-Intubation/Tracheotomy 2) Extrinsic Compression - Vascular ring - Neoplasm - Goiter 3) Neoplasms 4) Amyloid 5) Sarcoid
60
Diffuse Tracheal Narrowing
``` Spares Posterior Membrane 1) TBO 2) Relapsing polychondritis Involves Posterior Membrane 1) GPA 2) Amyloidosis 3) Sarcoidosis 4) TB ```
61
Tracheal Calcification
1) TBO 2) Amyloidosis 3) Relapsing Polychondritis
62
Halo Sign
1) Vasculitis 2) Hemorrhagic Mets 3) Invasive Aspergillosis
63
Feeding Vessel Sign
1) Vasculitis | 2) Hematogenous Mets
64
Reverse Halo Sign
1) Organizing Pneumonia 2) Infarct 3) TB 4) GPA 5) Adenocarcinoma 6) Lymphoma 7) PJP 8) Sarcoid 9) Fungal Infection
65
Mosaic Attenuation
1) Air Trapping - Asthma - Bronchiolitis (infectious, follicular, constrictive) - HP - RB-ILD 2) Hypoperfusion - Chronic PE - Pulmonary HTN
66
Progressive Massive Fibrosis
1) Pneumoconiosis | 2) Sarcoidosis
67
Bronchial Obstruction
1) Mucus Plug - CF - Asthma - ABPA 2) Foreign Body 3) Bronchial Atresia 4) Carcinoma 5) Endobronchial Mets (RCC, thyroid, melanoma) 6) Carcinoid 7) Endobronchial TB (broncholith)
68
High Attenuation Consolidation
1) Amiodarone Toxicity 2) Silicosis 3) Amyloidosis 4) Talcosis
69
Lobar/Segmental Consolidation
1) Pneumonia 2) Hemorrhage 3) PAP 4) Infarct 5) Focal Edema (rupture of anterior MV leaflet after MI) 6) Radiation 7) Adenocarcinoma 8) Lymphoma
70
Pulmonary Edema (PCWP mmHg)
1) Vascular Redistribution (12-17) 2) Interstitial Edema (18-25) 3) Alveolar Edema (> 25)
71
AIDS Diseases (CD4 Count)
``` > 200 - Pneumonia (most commonly strep) - TB 200-100 - PJP - Atypical mycobacteria - Kaposis sarcoma < 100 - CMV - Disseminated fungal infections - Lymphoma ```
72
Drug Toxicity
``` Common Drugs - Amiodarone - Bleomycin - Cyclophosphamide - Methotrexate Patterns of Dz - NSIP - UIP - ARDS - Pulmonary hemorrhage - Eosinophilic lung dz ```
73
BMT Complications
``` < 30d - Pulmonary edema - Pulmonary hemorrhage - Drug induced injury - Invasive aspergillosis 1-3m - PJP - CMV > 3m - Organizing pneumonia - GVHD (obliterative bronchitis) ```
74
DDx Empyema Necessitans
"BATMAN" - Blastomyces - Actinomyces - TB - Mucor - Aspergillus - Nocardia

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