Chest Tubes, Circulatory Support And Renal Dialysis Flashcards
Chest tube
Remove sir, fluids or blood from pleural space
Prevent air or fluid from reentering pleural space
Reestablish intra pleural and intrapulmonary pressures after surgery or trauma
Where is a chest tube inserted?
Into mediastinum to drain fluid from pericardial sac
Where would the chest tube be placed when draining air?
Toward the top of lungs in the pleural space
Where would a chest tube be placed when trying to drain fluid?
Toward the bottom of the lungs
Chest tube collection system
To help remove air from the pleural space, but not exceed -20cm suction
3 chamber water seal decide
Stay below chest level to drain properly
What do pacemakers do?
Help correct and maintain normal cardiac rate and rhythm by emitting low energy electrical impulses via leads placed in the heart
What do cardiac defibrillators do?
Used to manage uncontrolled life threatening ventricular arrhythmia by defibrillating the myocardium as needed
Within the pacemaker
Leadless/wireless pace maker
Implanted directly into the heart and regulates the heart by sensing changes in rate and rhythm
Has coiled spring to transmit the electric signal
What does an IABP (intra aortic balloon pump)
Assists with circulation of the blood and reduces oxygen consumption
How does the IABP work?
Balloon is inflated in diastole (at rest) and pushes the blood into the ventricle, preloading it
When the heart contracts, the balloon is deflated and there’s less pressure/resistance to flow
Has larger preload which will increase cardiac output and ejection fraction
What does a PVAD (percutaneous ventricular assist device) do?
Unloads the failing ventricle to improve systemic perfusion to other organs
External device where the LVAD (left ventricle) could be implanted
What do the IABP and PVAD both aid in?
Restoring adequate cardiac output and helps patient recover from ventricular failure or secondary organ dysfunction
These are meant to be temporary
Why is an ECMO (extracorporeal membranous oxygenation) used?
When the heart and lungs need assistance
Management of cardiac or pulmonary failure
Kidney support: dialysis - what does it do?
Filter fluid and electrolytes - correct imbalances that are caused by kidney failure
Peritoneal - abdomen
Hemodialysis
Take blood out, process it and put it back in
