Diagnostc Tests For Pulmonary Function

Question 1

What do arterial blood gases asses?

Answer 1

Problems related to acid-base balance, alveolar ventilation and oxygenation

Question 2

Normal pH value and range

Answer 2

Value = 7.40
Range = 7.35-7.45

Question 3

Normal PCO2 (mmHg) value and range

Answer 3

Value: 40
Range: 35-45

Question 4

Normal PO2 value and range

Answer 4

Value: 97
Range: >80

Question 5

Normal HCO3- value and range

Answer 5

Value: 24
Range: 22 - 28

Question 6

Normal % sat value and range

Answer 6

Value: 97%
Range: >95%

Question 7

What does PaCO2 directly reflect?

Answer 7

Adequacy of alveolar ventilation

Question 8

PaCO2 levels for hyperventilation

Answer 8

< 40 mmHg

Question 9

PaCO2 levels for Hypoventilation

Answer 9

> 40mmHg

Question 10

PaCO2 value for ventilatory failure

Answer 10

> 50 mmHg

Question 11

What is ventilatory failure severity determined by?

Answer 11

The extent of acidemia and the repedity of the change of pH

Question 12

What is acid-base balance an assessment of?

Answer 12

Blood pH - nature and magnitude of respiratory and metabolic disorders

Question 13

What regulates the acid-base balance?

Answer 13

Lungs and kidneys

Question 14

How do you determine the nature and severity of the illness with accuracy when it comes to blood gas analysis?

Answer 14

Relationship of arterial pH and arterial CO2 tension is assessed

Question 15

What does the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation represent?

Answer 15

Carbonic acid to bicarbonate ion relationship

Question 16

What does the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation permit?

Answer 16

A quick identification of four primary disorders based on pH and CO2

Question 17

What organ regulates bicarbonate?

Answer 17

Kidneys

Question 18

Normal human blood pH

Answer 18

7.4

Question 19

What level of pH is academia?

Answer 19

< 7.4

Question 20

What does low HCO3 lead to?

Answer 20

Metabolic acidosis

Question 21

What does high PaCO2 lead to?

Answer 21

Alveolar Hypoventilation and hypercapnia

Question 22

What is the pH level of alkalemia?

Answer 22

> 7.4

Question 23

What does high HCO3 cause?

Answer 23

Metabolic alkalosis

Question 24

What does low PaCO2 cause?

Answer 24

Alveolar hyperventilation, hypocapnia

Question 25

What does base excess (BE) reflect?

Answer 25

Concentration of bicarbonate in body

Question 26

What is normal PaO2?

Answer 26

80 to 100 mmHg

Question 27

What level of PaO2 causes hypoxemia?

Answer 27

< 80 mmHg

Question 28

What causes respiratory acidosis?

Answer 28

Hypoventilation Over sedation Head trauma NM disorders Cardiac arrest Chest trauma COPD Pneumonia

Question 29

Symptoms of respiratory acidosis?

Answer 29

Tachycardia Confusion Drowsiness Dizziness Minimal if chronic (COPD)

Question 30

Causes of metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 30

Loss of acid from GI tract or kidney Increased HCO3- reabsorption or generation

Question 31

What causes loss of acid from GI tract or kidney?

Answer 31

Vomiting Laxative abuse

Question 32

What causes increased HCO3- reabsorption or generation?

Answer 32

Excessive use of antacids

Question 33

Symptoms of metabolic alkalosis

Answer 33

Tetany Hypertonic muscles Numbness Asymptomatic

Question 34

What causes metabolic acidosis?

Answer 34

Increased production of acids Decreased acid excretion by kidneys Loss of alkali

Question 35

What causes increased production of acids?

Answer 35

Ketoacidosis Lactic acidosis

Question 36

What causes decreased acid excretion by kidneys?

Answer 36

Renal failure

Question 37

What causes loss of alkali?

Answer 37

Diarrhea

Question 38

Symptoms of metabolic acidosis

Answer 38

DOE Deep, rapid breathing Disorientation Fatigue Weakness

Question 39

Causes of respiratory alkalosis

Answer 39

Hyperventilation Hypoxemia CHF PE

Question 40

What can cause hyperventilation?

Answer 40

Anxiety/fear/pain Excessive mechanical ventilation

Question 41

Symptoms of respiratory alkalosis

Answer 41

Numbness and tingling of lips and extremities Dizziness Sinus arrhythmia

Question 42

What is pulse oximetry an indirect measure measurement of?

Answer 42

O2 saturation

Question 43

Normal saturation is …?

Answer 43

>/= 95%

Question 44

Mild hypoxemia PaO2 level

Answer 44

60-80 mmHg

Question 45

Moderate hypoxia PaO2

Answer 45

40-60 mmHg

Question 46

Severe hypoxia PaO2

Answer 46

< 40mmHg