Chest wall

Question 1

What is the function of the rib cage?

Answer 1

• Protection
  Strong case to provide protection to the vital organs.
• Ventilation
  Allows the muscles to change the thoracic volume and bring out respiration

Question 2

How many ribs are there?

Answer 2

12

Question 3

What is the bony structure located in the middle of the chest connecting all the ribs?

Answer 3

The sternum

Question 4

How many parts does the sternum have?

Answer 4

3 parts:
Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid process

Question 5

How many intercostal spaces are there?

Answer 5

11 spaces on each side

Question 6

Which ribs are considered typical?

Answer 6

Rib 3-9

Question 7

Which ribs are considered Atypical?

Answer 7

1-2 and 10-12

Question 8

Which ribs are considered to be true ribs?

Answer 8

1-7 - Attached directly to the sternum

Question 9

Which ribs are considered to be false ribs?

Answer 9

8-10 - Attached to sternum via rib 7s costal cartilage

Question 10

Which ribs are floating?

Answer 10

11-12 - Not attached to the sternum

Question 11

Describe articulation of typical ribs?

Answer 11

Head articulates with both same level and above vertebrae.

For example, Rib 4 articulates with T3-T4

Question 12

Describe articulation of Atypical ribs?

Answer 12

Head articulates with vertebra of the same level only

For example, Rib 10 articulates with T10

Question 13

Which ribs are prone to fractures?

Answer 13

Rib 4-10

Question 14

What does fracture to rib 1-3 indicate?

Answer 14

Fractures at this region are indicative of high energy trauma.

Question 15

Name one possible cause of bones thinning.

Answer 15

Steroid use for COPD can cause bone to thin.

Question 16

What is the superior attachment of the diaphragm?

Answer 16

Xiphoid process

Question 17

What is the anterior attachment of the diaphragm?

Answer 17

costal margin

Question 18

What is the inferior attachment of the diaphragm?

Answer 18

Ribs 11 and 12

Question 19

What is the posterior attachment of the diaphragm?

Answer 19

Post. abdominal wall and lumbar region

Question 20

Name three structures that go through the diaphragm?

Answer 20

• Caval hiatus (T8)
• Oesophageal hiatus (T10)
• Aortic hiatus (T12)

Question 21

What is the arterial supply to the diaphragm?

Answer 21

• Pericardiophrenic and musclophrenic artery
• Phrenic nerve
• Branches of intercostal

Question 22

What is the venous supply to the diaphragm?

Answer 22

• Brachiocephalic vein
• Azygous system
• IVC

Question 23

Describe the anatomical position of the diaphragm?

Answer 23

• Right dome - anterior aspect of rib 4

- Left dome - anterior aspect of rib 5

Question 24

Which side is higher of the diaphragm and why?

Answer 24

Right side is higher due to the location of the liver.