Chewing, Swallowing and Churning

Question 1

The gut can be embryonically divided into which three components?

Answer 1

The embryonic foregut
The embryonic midgut
The embryonic hindgut

Question 2

Which artery supplies oxygenated blood to the embryonic fore-gut?

Answer 2

Celiac artery

Question 3

Which artery supplies oxygenated blood to the embryonic mid-gut?

Answer 3

The superior mesenteric artery

Question 4

Which artery supplies oxygenated blood to the embryonic hind-gut?

Answer 4

The inferior mesenteric artery

Question 5

What are the borders of the embryonic foregut?

Answer 5

Oesophagus to the Pancreas

Question 6

What are the borders of the embryonic midgut?

Answer 6

Distal duodenum to the Proximal 2/3 transverse colon

Question 7

What are the borders of the embryonic hindgut?

Answer 7

Distal 1/3 transverse colon to the Proximal anal canal

Question 8

Which hammock shaped sheath of muscle lies posterior to the mouth?

Answer 8

Mylohyoid muscle

Question 9

Which structure lies posterior to the mouth?

Answer 9

Palatoglossal folds

Question 10

What are the two cavities of the mouth?

Answer 10

The vestibule cavity

The oral cavity proper

Question 11

What are the three main salivary glands of the mouth?

Answer 11

1. Parotid gland
2. Sublingual gland
3. Submandibular gland

Question 12

Which of the two oral cavities is the parotid gland located?

Answer 12

Vestibular cavity

Question 13

Which of the two oral cavities is the submandibular gland located?

Answer 13

Oral proper cavity

Question 14

Which of the two oral cavities is the sublingual gland located?

Answer 14

Oral proper cavity

Question 15

Describe the type of salivary secretion the parotid gland provides

Answer 15

Serous

Question 16

Describe the type of salivary secretion the submandibular gland provides

Answer 16

Mixed

Question 17

Describe the type of salivary secretion the sublingual gland provides

Answer 17

Mucous

Question 18

What is the cell histology type of the oesophagus?

Answer 18

Non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

Question 19

What are the names given to the two oesophageal sphincters?

Answer 19

Upper and lower oesophageal sphincter

Question 20

What are the three anatomical constrictions of the Oesophagus?

Answer 20

1. Pharyngo-oesophageal junction
2. Tracheal bifurcaton
3. Gastro-oesohageal junction

Question 21

What are the six muscles of mastication

Answer 21

Temporalis muscle
Masseter muscle
Buccinator
Medial Pterygoid
Lateral Pterygoid
Obicularis Oris

Question 22

All of the muscles of mastication elevate the mandible except one, which one?

Answer 22

Lateral pterygoid

Question 23

In the oropharynx, what are the names given to the outer and inner folds?

Answer 23

Palatoglossal folds (outer)
Palatopharyngeal folds (inner)

Question 24

What is the length of the oesophagus?

Answer 24

25 cm

Question 25

What are the vertebral references for the start and end points of the oesophagus?

Answer 25

C6 till T10

Question 26

In terms of histology, what is one way you can identify the GOJ?

Answer 26

There is a change in histology, which is a transition from stratified squamous to simple column. This can be visually seen as a change in colouration (pink to red epithelium)

Question 27

What is the histology of the stomach?

Answer 27

Simple columnar epithelium

Question 28

The GOJ is located how far away from the incisor teeth?

Answer 28

40 cm

Question 29

What is the arterial supply of the stomach?

Answer 29

Coeliac trunk (embryonically derived from the foregut)

Question 30

Which sphincter is located inferior to the stomach?

Answer 30

Pyloric

Question 31

What is the length of the duodenum?

Answer 31

25 cm

Question 32

What are the four segments of the duodenum?

Answer 32

D1 - Superior D2 - Descending D3 - Horizontal D4 - Ascending

Question 33

What is the length of the parotid duct?

Answer 33

5 cm

Question 34

What is the length of submandibular gland?

Answer 34

5 cm

Question 35

What kind of the joint is the TMJ?

Answer 35

Synovial

Question 36

Which muscle of mastication move food from the Vestibule to the Oral Cavity Proper?

Answer 36

Masseter

Question 37

Which muscles of mastication lie posterior to the Masseter?

Answer 37

Lateral & Medial pterygoid

Question 38

The lateral pterygoid plate arises from which plate?

Answer 38

The lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate

Question 39

The medial pterygoid plate arises from which plate?

Answer 39

The medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate

Question 40

Which of the pyterygoid muscles run in the same direction as the masseter muscle?

Answer 40

Medial pterygoid

Question 41

What structure runs between the palatoglossal and palatophyrangeal folds?

Answer 41

Palatine tonsils

Question 42

The oesophagus pierces what at T10?

Answer 42

The diaphragm

Question 43

What type of muscle comprises the upper oesophageal sphincter?

Answer 43

Skeletal muscle - hence can be under voluntary control

Question 44

What type of muscle comprises the lower oesophageal sphincter?

Answer 44

Smooth muscle

Question 45

The lower oesophageal sphincter is reinforced by what?

Answer 45

Right diaphargmatic crus

Question 46

What are the lower three segments of the abdomen?

Answer 46

Left inguinal, suprapubic, right inguinal

Question 47

What are the middle three segments of the abdomen?

Answer 47

Left lumbar, umbilical, right lumbar

Question 48

What are the upper three segments of the abdomen?

Answer 48

Left hypochondriac, epigastric, right hypochondriac

Question 49

The lymph of the stomach runs to...?

Answer 49

The celiac nodes

Question 50

The peristaltic and secretory action of the stomach is due to which nerve?

Answer 50

The vagus nerve

Question 51

What are rugae?

Answer 51

Longtudinal folds in the stomach

Question 52

The pyloric sphincter lies on which plane?

Answer 52

Transpyloric plane

Question 53

What are the five segments of the Pancreas called?

Answer 53

Uncinate process, Head proper, Neck, Body, Tail