Child development Flashcards by Emma :)

1 month -

Posture and large movements

lying supine

head lag when unsupported

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1 month -

Visual, perceptual and fine motor

pupils react to light
turns head and eyes towards light source
keeps hands closed and thumbs turned in

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1 month -

Communication, language, hearing and speech

startles to sudden noises
cries when hungry or uncomfortable
coos when content

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1 month -

Social behaviour and play

stops crying when picked up or spoken to
eye to eye contact
smile at 5-6 weeks

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3 months -

Posture and large movements

lies on back
brings hands together
kicks
no head lag when pulled to sit

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3 months -

Visual, perceptual and fine motor

visually alert
regards small still object momentarily
finger play - opening and closing hands

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3 months -

Communication, language, hearing and speech

turns towards source of sound
quietens to sound of rattle etc.
cries if uncomfortable
vocalises when pleased

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3 months -

Social behaviour and play

purposeful gaze to carer when feeding
responds to singing, playful handling
enjoys bathing and caring routines

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6 months -

Posture and large movements

raised head when lying on back
pulls self to sitting when hands grasped
rolls from front to back
takes weight on feet when held standing

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6 months -

Visual, perceptual and fine motor

purposefully follows another person’s movements

reaches for and grasps small toys

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6 months -

Communication, language, hearing and speech

turns to familiar voice
listens to voice even if person not in view
vocalises tunefully
laughs and chuckles

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6 months -

Social behaviour and play

delighted response to rough and tumble play
takes everything to the mouth - exploring
more reserved with strangers

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9 months -

Posture and large movements

pulls self to sitting position
sits unsupported
rolls/wriggles/crawls
pulls self to standing but falls backwards

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9 months -

Visual, perceptual and fine motor

visual attention to moving objects
can reach and grasp a moving object
picks up small objects with pincer grasp (finger
and thumb)

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9 months -

Communication, language, hearing and speech

vocalises to communicate
shouts to attract attention 
responds to name
understands ‘no’ and 
‘bye bye’
imitates vocal sounds

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9 months -

Social behaviour and play

plays peek-a-boo
throws self back and stiffens if annoyed
wary of strangers
clings to familiar person

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12 months -

Posture and large movements

crawls or shuffles
pulls to standing and sits back down
walks round furniture
may stand alone briefly or walk with one hand held

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12 months -

Visual, perceptual and fine motor

reaching and grasping coordinated
looks in correct place for toys that have been dropped out of sight
points

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12 months -

Communication, language, hearing and speech

recognises familiar tunes
vocalises with vowels and consonants
understands simple words and instructions

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12 months -

Social behaviour and play

puts objects in and out of box

plays ‘pat-a-cake’ and waves ‘bye bye’ when asked to

15 months -

Posture and large movements

may walk unaided

bottom shufflers are usually delayed walkers

15 months -

Visual, perceptual and fine motor

manipulates small objects

may build a tower of 2 bricks, put pegs in holes etc. scribbles with crayon

15 months -

Communication, language, hearing and speech

says a few recognisable words
understands many more
obeys simple instructions

15 months -

Social behaviour and play

pushes large wheeled toys
pretend play
looks for hidden toy
curious - exploring environment

18 months - | Posture and large movements

walks well pushes and pulls large toys enjoys climbing walks upstairs and can come down backwards

18 months - | Visual, perceptual and fine motor

picks up small objects points to distant objects outdoors builds towers holds pencil

18 months - | Communication, language, hearing and speech

chatters continually 6-20 recognisable words enjoys nursery rhymes and songs obeys simple instructions

18 months - | Social behaviour and play

``` exploration no sense of danger imitates everyday activities plays contentedly alone exchanges toys with peers ```

2 years - | Posture and large movements

runs safely and can negotiate objects walks up and down stairs throws and kicks a ball

2 years - | Visual, perceptual and fine motor

good manipulative skills holds pencil towards point in preferred hand builds towers enjoys picture books and turns pages

2 years - | Communication, language, hearing and speech

``` 50 or more recognisable words 2-word sentences listens with interest imitates joins in nursery rhymes and songs ```

2 years - | Social behaviour and play

little idea of sharing plays near other children contentedly but not with them make-believe play

2.5 years - | Posture and large movements

runs, climbs, pushes, pulls, jumps, stands on | tiptoe

2.5 years - | Visual, perceptual and fine motor

recognises detail in picture books and photos of self builds towers of > 7 bricks

2.5 years - | Communication, language, hearing and speech

200 or more recognisable words continues to imitate questioning - why? who? what?

2.5 years - | Social behaviour and play

active, restless can throw tantrums sustained role play pretend play

3 years - | Posture and large movements

climbs with agility rides tricycle can stand on one foot momentarily catches ball with both arms out

3 years - | Visual, perceptual and fine motor

``` builds tower of 9-10 bricks threads large wooden beads on lace uses pencil with good control copies a circle and V, H & T knows names of colours ```

3 years - | Communication, language, hearing and speech

speech modulating - loudness and range of pitch can identify functions of objects listens eagerly to stories

3 years - | Social behaviour and play

make-believe play may include invented people and objects understands sharing

4 years - | Posture and large movements

walks and runs, one foot to a step in adult fashion navigates skilfully climbs ladders and trees increasing skill in ball games

4 years - | Visual, perceptual and fine motor

builds tower of 10 or more bricks draws a person with head, legs and trunk, arms and fingers knows all 4 primary colours

4 years - | Communication, language, hearing and speech

correct grammar can give connected account of events and experiences enjoys stories, jokes asks why?

4 years - | Social behaviour and play

more independent sense of humour needs companionship understands sharing and turn-taking

5 years - | Posture and large movements

can walk a narrow line easily skilful at running, climbing, sliding, swinging can throw and catch a ball

5 years - | Visual, perceptual and fine motor

picks up and replaces minute objects builds elaborate models good control in writing and drawing cuts strips of paper neatly

5 years - | Communication, language, hearing and speech

fluent speech acts out stories can give full name and address understands sequence (first, then, last)

5 years - | Social behaviour and play

more sensible domestic and dramatic play chooses own friends protective of playmates and pets