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Flashcards in Child Development Deck (21)
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1
Q

What is development in a child

A

The changes of a child which encompasses growth, increase in understanding, acquisition of new skills and more sophisticated responses and behaviour.

2
Q

What are the 4 developmental domains

A

1) Gross motor and posture
2) Fine motor and vison
3) Language and hearing
4) Social, emotional and behaviours

3
Q
What are the developmental milestones in fine motor and vision skills at:
6 weeks
3 months
6 months 
9 months 
12 months 
18 months 
2 years 
3 years
A
6 weeks - fix and follow
3 months - holds an object
6 months - transfers from hand to hand
9 months - pincer grasp, bangs cubes together
12 months - block in cup
18 months - 2-4 cube tower
2 years - 6-7 cube tower
3 years - 9 cube tower
4
Q
What are the developmental milestones in gross motor skills at:
6 weeks
3 months
6 months 
9 months 
12 months 
18 months 
2 years 
3 years
A

6 weeks - head level with body
3 months - holds head at 90
6 months - no head lag, sits with support
9 months - crawls
12 months - stand alone briefly
18 months - walks and runs
2 years - kicks balls, climb stairs with 2 feet
3 years - stands on 1 foot, climb stairs with 1 foot

5
Q
What are the developmental milestones in hearing, speech and language skills at:
6 weeks
3 months
6 months 
9 months 
12 months 
18 months 
2 years 
3 years
A
6 weeks - still in response
3 months - turns to sound
6 months - vocalises
9 months - 2 syllable babble
12 months - 1 or 2 words
18 months - 6-12 words
2 years - joins 2-3 words
3 years - talks in short sentences
6
Q
What are the developmental milestones in social, emotional and behavioural skills at:
6 weeks
3 months
6 months 
9 months 
12 months 
18 months 
2 years 
3 years
A
6 weeks - smile
3 months - laugh, squeal
6 months - finger feed
9 months - waves bye, stranger anxiety
12 months - object permanence 
18 months - use spoon
2 years - remove clothes
3 years - fork and spoon, toilet trained
7
Q

What is abnormal development in childhood growth

A

slow acquisition of skills
Delay - there is a plateau or regression in the developmental milestones, meaning baby doesn’t reach the levels it should

8
Q

what are the 3 main patterns of abnormal development

A

Slow but steady
Plateau (good progression which then stops)
Regression (loss of skills previously acquired)

9
Q

Give an example of abnormal development/developmental delay

A

Folate deficiency - neural tube defect
Global developmental delay
Delay in talking due to stammering, hearing deficit, maturational delay, environmental factors.
Delay in walking due to maturation delay, severe learning disabilities, cerebral palsy.

10
Q

Give examples of causes of global development delay

A
down’s syndrome
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Meningitis
Trauma
Cerebral palsy
11
Q

What are the antenatal signs of developmental delay

A

Illnesses/ infections
Medications
Drugs

12
Q

What are the signs of developmental delay at birth

A

Premature

Prolonged/ complicated labour

13
Q

What are the postnatal signs of developmental delay

A
Illness/infections, Trauma
Consanguinity- 
Developmental milestones delayed
Growth parameters- height, weight and head circumference
Dysmorphic features
14
Q

Give examples of standardised tests in developmental screening

A

Schedule of Growing Skills (II)
Griffiths developmental scale
Bailey developmental scale
Denver developmental screening test

15
Q

explain the clinical approach to a child with developmental delay

A

Paediatrician
Specialist health visitors
Speech and language therapists
Occupational therapists physiotherapists psychologist

16
Q

What is the role of the MDT in child development

A

the many professionals who may be involved in the care of children with developmental problems

referral to members of the multidisciplinary team (MDT) would help identify problems and target input.

17
Q

What is autism characterised by and at what year does it present and what gender is it more common in

A

marked difficulties in behaviour, social interaction, communicationand sensory sensitivities.
2-4 years
Boys>girls

18
Q

What are the common features of autisms

A

1) impaired social interaction
(2) speech and language disorder
(3) imposition of routines with ritualistic and repetitive behaviour.

19
Q

What does ADHD stand for

A

Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder

20
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for ADHD

A

(1) Inattention
(2) Hyperactivity
(3) Impulsivity
(4) Lasting > 6 months
(5) commencing < 7 years and inconsistent with the child’s developmental level

21
Q

What are the risk factors for ADHD

A

Boys > girls ratio 4:1

Learning difficulties and developmental delay