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Child Development Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

What is the name of the future forebrain in a developing embryo?

A

Prosencphalon

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2
Q

What is the name of the future midbrain in a developing embryo?

A

Mesencephalon

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3
Q

What is the name of the future hindbrain in a developing embryo?

A

Rhombencephalon

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4
Q

What are the 3 main flexures present in the developing brain of an embryo at 4 weeks?

A

Cephalic
Pontine
Cervical

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5
Q

What area of the brain is affected in ADHD?

A

Pre frontal cortex

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6
Q

What makes up grey matter?

A

Motor neurones

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7
Q

What is the role of the extrapyramidal tract?

A

Coordinates movement, posture and balance

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8
Q

What tract does the pyramidal tract supply?

A

Corticospinal tract

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9
Q

How do you test for Morrow’s reflex?

A

Suddenly extend the babies neck and the arms should abduct then adduct

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10
Q

When does Morrow’s reflex develop?

A

28-32 weeks

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11
Q

How do you test for standing relfex?

A

Support the baby as they stand, there should be extension of the lower extremities, the hips should be slightly flexed and somewhat behind the shoulder

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12
Q

How do you test for the cervical grasp reflex?

A

When an object is placed in the palm of the babies hand they will grasp it and stoking their lateral fingers will make them open their palm

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13
Q

What is the other name for protective reflexes?

A

Parachute reflexes

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14
Q

When does a baby develop protective reflexes?

A

Between 6-9 months

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15
Q

How do you test for protective reflexes?

A

When you place the baby in a forward stretched position they will extend their arms outwards and will do the same when you put the baby sideways

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16
Q

Define development in a child

A

Global impression of a child encompassing growth, increase in understanding, acquisition of new skills and more sophisticated responses and behaviour

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17
Q

Who will know about a child’s development?

A

Parents the most

Also doctors, nurses, teachers

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18
Q

What are the 4 domains of child development?

A

Speech and language skills
Social skills
Gross motor skills
Fine motor skills

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19
Q

What is assessed as part of the speech and language skills domain of child development?

A

Vocalisation
Words
Understanding
Imaginative play

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20
Q

What is assessed as part of the social skills domain of child development?

A

Social interaction
Stranger reaction
Eating skills
Dressing

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21
Q

What is assessed as part of the gross motor skills domain of child development?

Study These Flashcards
A 
Position
Head lag
Sitting
Walking
Running
22
Q

What is assessed as part of the fine motor skills domain of child development?

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A 
Use of hands
Grasp and fine pincer
Bricks
Crayon
Puzzles
23
Q

What is visible when pulling up a newborn from laying position and why?

Study These Flashcards
A

A marked head lag due to lack of development of neck muscles

24
Q

When can a baby raise their head?

25
When can a baby sit with a round back?
6 months
26
When can a baby sit with a straight back?
8 months
27
What is the medical name for rolling in a baby?
Sidelying
28
When can a baby sidelye?
2/3 months
29
When do babies start to crawl?
8-9 months
30
When can babies usually start walking?
12 months
31
When can babies walk with a steady gait?
15 months
32
What speech impairment may be seen in children with autism?
They will still be babbling when they are older at ages where other children would have began to talk in short sentences etc
33
What are the 3 components to the healthy child programme?
Screening General examination and immunisation Health education and promotion
34
When is screening carried out during pregnancy and what is screened for at each stage?
<12 weeks pregnant= hbopathy, rhesus, infection 12 weeks pregnant= US scan dating and nuchal (for Down’s) 18-20 weeks pregnant= US scan detailed
35
What is screened for at birth?
New born bloodspot, hearing and physical
36
When is physical examination of a baby done by the GP?
6-8 weeks
37
When is vision screened for?
4-5 years
38
At what ages are health review done in school?
10-11 years | 15-16 years
39
When are child health reviews done?
6-8 weeks first year two year school entry review at 4-5 years
40
What health promotion is done and at what ages?
Healthy weight promotion at 5-11 years and also 11-16 years | Sexual health promotion from 11-19 years
41
What areas may health promotion cover?
``` Nutrition Vaccination Breast feeding Reading Weaning Social/emotional advice Injury prevention Learning Physical activity ```
42
What can factors affecting the developing human be catagorised as?
Prenatal Perinatal Postnatal
43
When evaluating a child with abnormal development what do you ask about in the history?
Parental concerns Birth history Family history
44
When evaluating a child with abnormal development what do you ask about in PMHX?
Developmental history | Current skills
45
When evaluating a child with abnormal development what examinations may be carried out?
Developmental assessment General neurological examination Investigations as appropriate
46
How is developmental assessment carried out?
Ask them to carry out a task | Observe them doing the task
47
What areas need to be assessed during developmental assessment ?
Milestones of proceeding age Expected milestones for age Next important milestones
48
What are the different categories for developmental delay?
Global (all areas) | Specific (language, motor, sensory or cognitive)
49
What are some causes of global delay?
Chromosomal abnormailites eg down’s syndrome, fragile X Metabolic eg hypothyroidism, inborn errors of metabolism Antenatal and perinatal factors like infections, drugs, toxins, anoxia, trauma, folate deficiency Environmental-social issues Chronic illness
50
What are some causes of motor delay?
``` Cerebral palsy Global delay eg Down’s syndrome Congenital dislocation of the hip Muscular dystrophy (duchennes) Neural tube defects eg spina bifida Hydrocephalus Social deprivation is the most common cause ```
51
What are some causes of language delay?
Hearing loss Learning disability Autism spectrum disorder Lack of stimulation Impaired comprehension of language (developmental dysphagia)- to do with temporal lobe Impaired speech production (stammer, dysarthria)
52
What are some commonly used assessment tools?
``` Standardised tests Schedule of growing skills Griffiths development scale Bailey developmental scale Denver development screening tools (USA) ```

BRS Y2 (85 decks)

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