Child development and children with special needs

Question 1

majority of brain development occurs under the age of

Answer 1

5

Question 2

limit age of milestones =

Answer 2

the skill should have been acquired and is 2 SD from the mean

Question 3

Which milestones are the most consistent?

Answer 3

social smile, sitting

Question 4

What is developmental delay?

present when functional aspects of the child’s development in one or more … (motor, language, cognitive, social, emotional) are significantly … compared to the expected level for …’

Answer 4

present when functional aspects of the child’s development in one or more domains (motor, language, cognitive, social, emotional) are significantly delayed compared to the expected level for age’

Question 5

What is global developmental delay?

Answer 5

when 2 or more domains are affected

Question 6

Learning disability is

Answer 6

a significant impairment in intellectual functioning and affects the person’s ability to learn and problem-solve in their daily life. It has nearly always been present since childhood.

Question 7

How does one assess development

Answer 7

History and examination
Prenatal, perinatal, postnatal events
Developmental milestones
The ‘Red Book’
Environmental, social and family history
Video recordings of child
Observation in clinic / other settings

Question 8

What is Developmental Disorder?

Answer 8

Abnormal progression and presentation eg Autism

Question 9

What is Developmental regression?

Answer 9

Loss of milestones

Question 10

Name 3 common genetic syndromes

Answer 10

Down syndrome
Fragile X syndrome
William’s Syndrome

Question 11

Red flag signs: Positive

regarding development in general

Answer 11

Loss of developmental skills
Concerns re vision
Concerns re hearing
Floppiness
No speech by 18-24 months
Asymmetry of movement
Persistent toe walking
Head circumference >99.6th C or < 0.4th C

Question 12

3 Ts of breaking bad news

Answer 12

Tact
Timing
Tenderness

Question 13

MDT try name some folk involved with developmental issues

Answer 13

Developmental paediatrician
Speech and Language therapist
OT/ PT: functional impairments and strengths
Psychologist
Social worker
Geneticist

Question 14

Common problems (developmental concerns)
Motor

Answer 14

Delayed maturation
Cerebral palsy
Developmental coordination disorder

Question 15

Common problems (developmental concerns)
Sensory

Answer 15

Deafness
Visual impairment
Multisensory impairment

Question 16

Common problems (developmental concerns)
language/ Cognitive

Answer 16

Specific Language Impairment

Learning Disability

Question 17

Common problems (developmental concerns)
Social/ Communication

Answer 17

Autism
Asperger syndrome
Elective mutism

Question 18

Effects of developmental issues on family

Answer 18

Emotional
Social isolation
Financial implications
Implication for siblings
Wider family

Question 19

Age 18 months
Preterm birth at 27 weeks gestation, delivered early owing to maternal PIH, intubated at birth and received surfactant. Ventilated for 3 weeks.
Stormy neonatal course: RDS, Grade 3 IVH.PDA closed with medical management. Also sepsis and recieved TPN
Not sitting at 1 year, not weight bearing

Neonatal seizures resolved.
Oxygen dependency resolved by 1 year of age.
Parents report stiffness of both lower limbs.
Unable to sit or crawl but rolls over.
Smiling and babbling

Answer 19

Impression Spastic diplegia

Spastic diplegic Cerebral palsy

Question 20

3 year old girl referred by health visitor with speech delay and behavioral problems
Pregnancy –Took fluoxetine. Spotting 8 weeks, scans normal
Term, SVD, Birth weight 3.96Kg,normal Apgar scores.
Development sitting by 1 year months,walking by 15 months

Poor eye contact and odd mannerisms such as hand flapping and walking on tip toes.
2 elder brothers 6 and 9 years-Normal
Exam Not dysmorphic, does not respond to name, reduced eye contact,5 words ,hand flapping and very unsettled in new enviornment.

Answer 20

Impression: Autistic Spectrum Condition.

Question 21

categories for evaluating developmental problems

Answer 21

Is there a problem?
Global or single field?
Delay, Disorder or Regression 
Aetiology
Co-ordination of care and support
Problem based approach

Question 22

What are Additional Support Needs?

Answer 22

additional support with their education.

can mean any kind of educational provision that is more than, or very different from, the education that is normally provided in mainstream schools