child health high yield Flashcards
(33 cards)
presentation of vesicoureteric reflux
increased UTIs
diagnosis of VUR
initially - ultrasound
gold standard - micturating cystourethrogram
management of VUR
start with low dose antibiotic prohylaxis
- surgery: reimplantation of ureters
presentation of measles
hard K sounds
- Koplik spots (white spots in mouth)
- cough
- conjuncitivits
- coryza
maculopapular rash that starts behind the ears and spreads to the whole body
in suspected cyanotic congenital heart disease, most important first treatment (newborn)
IV prostaglandin
- this maintains PDA to help mixing of the blood
first line treatment for status epilepticus
lorazepam if IV access
midazolam if not
nephrotic syndrome in children
minimal change disease
what scan for renal scarring
DMSA scan
dimercaptosuccinic acid scan
screening for congenital hypothyroidism
heel prick test at 5 days old
- if positive then radioisotope scan and US of neck
Mx of congenital hypothyroidism
levothyroxine until 2 years of age
Mx pyloric stenosis
initially: correct dehydration and electrolyte imbalance
then refer for surgery –> pyloromyotomy + nasogastric tube insertion
Ix pyloric stenosis
initial or urgent: electrolytes or cap blood gas
diagnosis: abdo USS
child overdose of unknown meds: widened QRS, peaked T waves and hyperkalameia
tricyclic antidepressents
Mx umbilical granuloma
- table salt
- silver nitrate
cows milk protein allergy presentation
not tolerating feeds (bottle fed)
non IgE: loose frequent stools, perianal redness, blood and or mucous in stool
IgE mediated: acute pruritus, urticaria, angioedema
physiological jaundice of newborn
from 2/3 days to 10 days old
- increased erthrocyte breakdown and immature liver function
early neonatal jaundice
onset less than 24 hours
- haemolytic disease
- congenital infections
- gilbert’s syndrome
prolonged jaundice
lasting longer than 14 days
- BILIARY ATRESIA
features of an innocent murmur
letter S
- sensitive/supine = changes with position/loudest supine
- soft blowing murmur
- systolic murmur
- short
- left sternal edge
Mx of acute asthma in children
- start O2 if sats < 94%, aim: 94-98
- salbutamol nebulised
- add ipratropium bromide (nebulised) if no response
- oral pred –> if vomiting IV hydrocortisone
- then IV magnesium sulphate if still no response
- can do IV salbutamol
triad of HUS
haemolytic anaemia
uraemia
thrombocytopenia
what causes HUS
E. coli
what are some red flag paediatric signs
- appears ill to healthcare professional
- RR > 60
- moderate or severe chest indrawing
- reduced skin turgor
- <3 months with temp >=38
- no response to social cues
- weak, high pitched continuous cry
what is perthe’s
AVN of femoral head
- 4 - 10 years
- more common in boys
