Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

English Language > Child Language Acquisition > Flashcards

Child Language Acquisition Flashcards

(103 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Critical period

A

time frames during which environmental exposure is needed to stimulate an innate trait to use language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Theory of universal grammar

A

proposes that children are born with innate knowledge about language structure and grammar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Usage-based theory

A

proposes that children aquire language through social interaction in combination with their general cognitive skills

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Intention reading

A

when the child determines the communicative goal of the adult speaker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pattern finding

A

finding patterns in speech and language structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Analogies

A

comparisons and relations between words and ideas, to strengthen understanding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Imitation

A

trying to copy the sounds / words they hear adult speakers using

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Corrective feedback

A

when the adult repeats what the child says, but using correct grammar - to help child understand how to properly say the sentence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Child-directed speech

A

language that care-givers use with babies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
  • simple vocab
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
  • short sentences
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
  • speaking slowly
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
  • widening pitch of voice
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

typically, caregiver talks and waits for reaction from baby - introducing the child to the idea of turn-taking in conversation

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Preverbal and babbling stage

A

from 0-12 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

innate - ALL children babble

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q
  • cooing and laughing
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q
  • vocal play / babbling
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Biological babbling

A

generic sounds, 6-10 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Linguistic babbling

A

using native sounds to babble, 10+ months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Reduplicative babbling

A

babbling which consists of repeated syllables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Variegated babbling

A

babbling which consists of a mix of syllables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Conversational babbling

A

babbling which mimics a conversation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

One-word (holophrastic) stage

A

12-18 months
Single-word utterances, which can convey a complete meaning (in the context of the baby)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Overgeneralisation
when the child maximises the use of their limited vocabulary by applying one word to a range of meanings
26
Undergeneralisation
when the child restricts the application of a words to one specific thing
27
Two word stage
- 18-24 months - two word phrases - generally two nouns or a noun and a verb
28
Telegraphic stage
24-36 months - being to use 3-4 words - only most important words are used (context is needed to understand meaning)
29
Multi-word stage
2.5 yrs + - more fluent and sophisticated language - longer and more complex grammatical utterances
30
31
32
Place of articulation
where a sound is made
33
Manner of articulation
how a sound is made
34
Voiced
sounds produced with vocal chords vibrating
35
Voiceless
sounds produced without vocal chords vibrating
36
Larynx
voice box, houses vocal folds, manipulates pitch and volume
37
Bilabial
- both lips are used to make the sound - place of articulation
38
Dental
- the tip of the tongue and both teeth are used to make the sound - place of articulation
39
Labiodental
- upper teeth and lower lip are used to make the sound - place of articulation
40
41
Alveolar
- tip/blade of the tongue comes into contact with the alveolar ridge - place of articulation
42
43
Palato-alveolar
- tongue comes into contact with the back of the alveolar ridge - place of articulation
44
45
Palatal
- tongue comes into contact with the hard palate - place of articulation
46
47
Velar
the back of the tongue comes into contact with the soft palate - place of articulation
48
49
Glottal
airflow is obstructed in the glottis - place of articulation
50
51
Labial-velar
sound is made by simultaneous articulation at the lips and velum - place of articulation
52
53
Plosive
complete stop/closure, then explosion of air - manner of articulation
54
55
Nasal
complete closure at some point in the mouth and lower soft palate, so air escapes through the nose - manner of articulation
56
57
Fricative
creates friction - manner of articulation
58
59
Affricate
begins like plosive but transitions into fricative upon release - manner of articulation
60
61
Lateral
air passes around the side of the tongue - manner of articulation
62
63
Approximant
very little obstruction - manner of articulation
64
65
Height
the vertical positioning of the tongue when pronouncing a vowel
66
Backness
the horizontal positioning of the tongue when pronouncing a vowel
67
Lip rounding
how rounded the lips are when pronouncing a vowel
68
Close
tongue is close to the roof of the mouth - height
69
70
Close-mid
tongue is between the middle of the mouth and the roof of the mouth - height
71
72
Mid
the tongue is in the middle of the mouth
73
- height
74
Open-mid
the tongue is lower than the middle of the mouth
75
- height
76
Open
the tongue is low in the mouth
77
- height
78
Front
the tongue is at the front of the mouth
79
- backness
80
Central
the tongue is in the middle of the mouth
81
- backness
82
Back
the tongue is at the back of the mouth
83
- backness
84
Rounded
when the lips are rounded when saying the vowel
85
- lip rounding
86
Unrounded
when the lips are not rounded when saying the vowel - lip rounding
87
88
Monophthong
a single vowel sound is produced in a syllable pure vowel sound
89
90
Diphthong
when you glide from one vowel sound to another
91
Connected speech processes
the tendency to connect sounds together, to aid fluency of speech
92
Assimilation
occurs when speakers make one sound segment similar to a neighbouring one
93
Vowel reduction
occurs when vowel sounds change and quality is consequently reduced
94
Elision
occurs when a sound segment is dropped, usually the omission of an unstressed vowel, consonant or syllable
95
Insertion
occurs when a speaker adds in a sound, for ease of pronunciation
96
'Fis' phenomenon
a phenomenon of CLA that demonstrates that a child's perception of phonemes occurs earlier than the child's ability to produce those phonemes
97
Simplified production
processes a child uses to make words easier to say (to suit their phonological capabilities)
98
Deletion
deleting one or more sounds (usually sounds which the child is unable to pronounce)
99
Consonant cluster reduction
pronouncing consonant clusters as one (only pronouncing one of the consonants in the consonant cluster)
100
Substitution
swapping more difficult phonemes for easier ones
101
Reduplication
when some portion of a word is repeated (instead of saying the full word)
102
Prosodic features
features which affects the sound of language, which the child uses to help convey their message
103
Morphological overgeneralisation
when a child learns a rule and applies toe rule to ALL words, without being aware of possible exceptions eg. "eated", "runned"

English Language (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions