Child Language Development Flashcards
(17 cards)
What did Noam Chomsky say? (Nativism)
They argued behaviorism doesn’t explain how they can say completely new utterances without hearing them. (Language is innate to all humans).
What did B.F Skinner say? (Behaviorism)
said that children’s language is like any other language in the animal kingdom, but that children learn through:
positive reinforcement - Encouragement and praise.
negative reinforcement- Punishment and correction.
What is Chomsky’s LAD?
The Language Acquisition Device is the idea that children have an inbuilt facility for learning grammar, similarly to the WUG test the conjugation errors come naturally.
What is the Genie Wiley case study?
The closest we have gotten to the forbidden experiment, Genie Wiley couldn’t learn a language properly as she had been locked away past the Critical period Hypothesis
What did Eric Lenneberg advocate? (Interactionist)
He advocated for the Critical period Hypothesis, or the idea that if a child doesn’t learn a language before puberty they will never learn one properly.
What did Vygotsky do? (Interactionist)
Came up with the idea of an MKO or More Knowledgeable Other, the idea that a parent for example may use positive reinforcement or negative reinforcement to try and further a child’s English. Recasting is also common.
What did Ibbotson say? (Constructionist)
Ibbotson founded the Slot and frame approach to children’s language acquisition. This is the idea that children learn patterns with an exchangeable variable. This contrasts nativism as it requires an MKO.
What does Piaget say? (Cognitive approach)
That a child cannot articulate something they do not understand.
What did Jean Berko Gleason’s do?
They created the WUG test which showed a fictional bird and other images and children had to describe what the WUG was doing, they tended to follow conjugations and pluralisations they had learnt. (common frameworks)
what are the stages of language acquisition in order?
IN ORDER:
.Vegetative
.Cooing
.Babbling
.Protoword
.Holophrastic
.Two word stage
.Telegraphic
.post telegraphic
what did nelson discover?
She found most first words are nouns, he put them into 4 categories:
.Naming
.Action
.Social
.Modifying (description)
How did Bloom contradict Nelson?
Said that Nouns are the most common word type so Nelsons discovery is flawed.
What did Rescorla find out?
Discovered:
Categorical Overextension- when an object is given the same name as another similar object by accident. maybe due to similar properties
Analogical Overextension- When an object is named after its action e.g. a cement mixer is named a wheel as they both spin.
Predicate Statements- labelling a thing that isn’t there because it used to be there e.g. saying doll to an empty cot because the doll is usually there.
What did Aitchison say? (3 stages)
Identified 3 different stages of language acquisition:
.Labelling- Associating sounds with objects in the world
.Packaging- Exploring the extent of the label, often where overextension and under extension occurs.
.Network building- Making connections between the labels they have developed, creating relationships and contrasts.
What are the phonological errors?
.Addition
.Deletion
.Reduplication
.Substitution
.Consonant Cluster Reduction
.Deletion of Unstressed Syllables
.Assimilation
What did Aitchison say in response to Chomsky’s study?
Aitchison said that language is probably helped more by puzzle solving equipment rather than language being natural to everyone.
What is deb Roy’s home speech project?
A 24/7 recording of His son and his journey of language acquisition over 3 years which showcased the parent’s likelihood to do things like recasting.
