Child Psych Chapter 10

Question 1

Mood Disorders

Answer 1

Extreme, persistent, or poorly regulated emotional states

Question 2

Dysphoria

Answer 2

Prolonged bouts of sadness

Question 3

Anhedonia

Answer 3

Little joy and loss of interest in activities

Question 4

Irritability

Answer 4

Easy annoyance and touchiness
Angry mood and temper outbursts
Presentation of childhood depression

Question 5

Mania

Answer 5

Abnormally elevated or expansive mood
Increased goal-directed activity and energy
Euphoria

Question 6

Euphoria

Answer 6

Exaggerated sense of well-being

Question 7

Infant Depression

Answer 7

Lack of parental care
Withdrawal, apathy, increased clinging, sleep disturbances

Question 8

Preschooler depression

Answer 8

Somber, tearful, lack of energy, irritability
Excessive clinging and avoid separation

Question 9

School-age depression

Answer 9

Increased irritability, disruptive behavior, and combativeness
Academic difficulties and peer problems

Question 10

Preteen and teenage depression

Answer 10

Increased self-blame and low self-esteem
Sleep and eating disturbances
Social inhibition
Anhedonia
Negative body image

Question 11

Major Depressive Disorder Symptoms

Answer 11

Sadness, anhedonia, irritability, and additional symptoms
Present for 2+ weeks
Cause distress or impairment
Absence of triggering factors
Mild, moderate, or severe

Question 12

Childhood MDD

Answer 12

Diagnosed with adult criteria
Often overlooked due to changed presentation- Irritability

Question 13

MDD Prevalence

Answer 13

2-8% of youths
Lifetime 11-20%
Increase in adolescence
Girls are 2-3 times more likely

Question 14

Dysthymia (PDD)

Answer 14

Symptoms of depressed mood most of the time for over 1 year with 2+ cognitive or somatic symptoms
1% of children 5% of adolescents

Question 15

Double Depression

Answer 15

MDD episode with dysthymia present at baseline

Question 16

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD)

Answer 16

Chronic, severe persistent irritability
Verbal or physical outbursts 3-4 times per week for at least 1 year in multiple settings
Chronic irritable or angry mood between outbursts
Must present before 10 years old
More common in males
Cannot co-occur with ODD or BP

Question 17

Associated Characteristics with Depression

Answer 17

Decreased intellectual and academic functioning
Negative cognitive biases
Low and unstable self-esteem
Relationship disruptions
Suicide

Question 18

Psychodynamic theory of depression

Answer 18

Actual or symbolic loss of love object
Anger towards loss turned inward
Excessive superego
Loss of self-esteem

Question 19

Attachment theory of depression

Answer 19

Insecure early attachment
Distorted model of self and others

Question 20

Behavioral theory of depression

Answer 20

Loss of quality reinforcement or skills needed to obtain it

Question 21

Cognitive theory of depression

Answer 21

Depressive mindset
Distorted or maladaptive cognitive structures
Negative view of self, world, and future
Hopelessness
Poor problem solving ability

Question 22

Self-control theory of depression

Answer 22

Problems in setting behavior for long-term goals
Deficits in self-monitoring, evaluation, and reinforcement

Question 23

Interpersonal theory of depression

Answer 23

Impaired function
Role dispute or transition
Social withdrawal

Question 24

Socio-environmental theory of depression

Answer 24

Stressful life circumstances add vulnerability
Social support, coping, and appraisal are protective factors

Question 25

Neurobiological theory of depression

Answer 25

Neurochemical and receptor abnormalities Neurophysiological or endocrine abnormalities Genetics, early development, or structural variations

Question 26

Genetic and family risks of depression

Answer 26

30-45% heritability Children of depressed parents have increased risk and early onset Inherit vulnerability to negative affect

Question 27

Neurobiological risks of depression

Answer 27

Several brain areas Lowered reward system Heightened stress response Alterations in critical thinking and emotional areas

Question 28

Family risks of depression

Answer 28

Family dysfunction- little consistency and negative environment

Question 29

Emotional regulation as a risk for depression

Answer 29

Youths with depression have difficulties overcoming negative moods Issues in regulation can arise from prolonged emotional distress

Question 30

Behavioral Therapy for Depression

Answer 30

Increases pleasurable activities and obtain more reinforcement Social skills training Daily monitoring, structured and scheduled activities

Question 31

Cognitive Therapy for Depression

Answer 31

Teach to identify, challenge, and modify negative thought patterns Replace negative thoughts with positive self-talk

Question 32

Medications for depression

Answer 32

Tricyclics- Adults only SSRIs- First line More effective in conjunction with CBT

Question 33

Bipolar Disorder (BP) in Children

Answer 33

Erratic instead of persistent mood swings Grandiose delusions and heightened self-importance More rapid cycling 0.5-2.5% prevalence Uncommon before puberty Highly heritable