Child Psychiatry Flashcards
(19 cards)
What are the core symptoms of ADHD?
Inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
At what age must symptoms start for an ICD-10 diagnosis of ADHD?
Before age 6 years.
What is the ICD-10 term for ADHD?
Hyperkinetic Disorder.
What are some common comorbidities with ADHD?
Oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, anxiety, depression, learning difficulties, autism spectrum disorder.
What is the global prevalence of ADHD in children according to ICD-10 criteria?
Around 2.2% in males and 0.7% in females.
What is the heritability estimate of ADHD?
70–80%.
Name three neurobiological abnormalities linked with ADHD.
Reduced brain volume, delayed cortical maturation, disrupted frontostriatal connectivity.
List environmental risk factors for ADHD.
Maternal smoking/alcohol, low birth weight, prematurity, nutritional deficiencies, environmental toxins.
What are the first-line treatments for ADHD?
Psychosocial interventions: parent training, school strategies, CBT, dietary modifications.
Name two stimulant medications used in ADHD treatment.
Methylphenidate and Dexamphetamine.
What non-stimulant medication is used in ADHD?
Atomoxetine.
What is the typical ADHD symptom trajectory into adulthood?
Overactivity declines, but inattention and impulsivity may persist.
What are the core symptoms of Hyperkinetic Disorder (ADHD)?
Impaired attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
Core symptoms must be present in multiple settings, such as home and school.
What are the symptom requirements for Hyperkinetic Disorder (ADHD)?
All three core areas (attention, hyperactivity, impulsivity) must be clearly evident and severe.
Symptoms must be pervasive (occur in more than one setting) and lead to significant impairment in social, academic, or occupational functioning.
What is the age of onset for Hyperkinetic Disorder (ADHD) symptoms?
Symptoms must begin before the age of 6 years.
What are the core symptoms of Hyperkinetic Disorder (ADHD)?
Impaired attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
Core symptoms must be present in multiple settings, such as home and school.
What are the symptom requirements for Hyperkinetic Disorder (ADHD)?
All three core areas (attention, hyperactivity, impulsivity) must be clearly evident and severe.
Symptoms must be pervasive (occur in more than one setting) and lead to significant impairment in social, academic, or occupational functioning.
Stimulant drug side effects
side effects include irritability, depression,
insomnia, and poor appetite, with resultant height and
weight impacts. Tics may be made worse.
Atomoxetine side effects
Common adverse effects
of atomoxetine include nausea, abdominal pain, loss
of appetite, and sleep disturbance. Rarely (about 1 in
50,000 patients treated), severe liver damage can occur.
