Child Psychology Review (Quiz Mon. 2/10/25)

Question 1

Infantile amnesia

Answer 1

Children don’t form permanent, explicit memories until age 3 because of an underdeveloped hippocampus.

Question 2

Rooting

Answer 2

Instinct until about 3 weeks old where baby will turn its head if you touch its mouth.

Question 3

Fine vs gross motor skills

Answer 3

Fine- Small, precise muscle movements
Gross- Large muscle movements

Question 4

Assimilation vs accommodation

Answer 4

Assimilation- Learning and putting new experiences into schema already known
Accommodation- Learning a new procedure and schema when new information doesn’t fit into an old schema

Question 5

Object permanence

Answer 5

Something exists even when you can’t see it, learning in the cognitive development stage of sensorimotor skills (birth-18 months).

Question 6

Pruning

Answer 6

Pathways that aren’t used often enough are slowly shut down.

Question 7

Teratogen and congenital

Answer 7

Teratogen- Outside agent that interferes with prenatal development
Congenital- Any issue you’re born with

Question 8

Zone of proximal development

Answer 8

Zone where you can learn something with help from an MKO (more knowledgeable other).

Question 9

Identical vs fraternal twins

Answer 9

Identical- Develops from same egg and sperm, same gender
Fraternal- Develops from two sets of eggs and sperm, same or different gender

Question 10

Maturation

Answer 10

A human’s automatic and orderly mental and physical development.

Question 11

Reversibility

Answer 11

Being able to see relationships from other angles. Piaget Stages of Cognitive Development learned in preoperational stage (2-7 years)

Question 12

Individualist vs collectivist

Answer 12

Individualist- Independent achievement/growth and individual differences that are encouraged
Collectivist- Encouraging group concerns and caring more about community

Question 13

Scaffolding

Answer 13

Building off of previous knowledge with their range (zone of proximal development)

Question 14

Schema

Answer 14

Mental classification categories

Question 15

Separation and stranger anxiety

Answer 15

Studied by Mary Ainsworth
Separation- When a child doesn’t trust that the parent will return
Stranger- Fear of a face that doesn’t fit known schema/category

Question 16

Ecological systems

Answer 16

Different environments influence cognitive developments over the course of someone’s life to varying degrees

Question 17

Microsystem

Answer 17

Ecological system. Relationships in a child’s immediate surroundings

Question 18

Exosystem

Answer 18

Ecological system. Environment/relationships of a child’s significant others

Question 19

Macrosystem

Answer 19

Ecological system. Culture affecting a child

Question 20

Secure attachment style

Answer 20

Basic trust that the world is reliable. One of the first things babies learn

Question 21

Anxious/ambivalent attachment style

Answer 21

Craving acceptance while always looking to be rejected

Question 22

Avoidant attachment style

Answer 22

Maintaining distance from others

Question 23

Sensorimotor skills

Answer 23

Stages of Cognitive Development. Birth-18 months. Learning (often through taste), crawling, going from gross to fine motor skills, infentile amnesia.

Question 24

Preoperational

Answer 24

Stages of Cognitive Development. 2-7 years. Egocentric, begin to lie and learn consequences, reversibility, conservation, parallel and pretend play.

Question 25

Concrete operational

Answer 25

Stages of Cognitive Development. 7-11 years. Sees things as very literal so they don't get sarcasm very well, start to understand others perspectives, and is a good time to start team sports.

Question 26

Formal operational

Answer 26

Stages of Cognitive Development. 11-12. Can do math beyond basic levels, creativity, abstract reasoning, imagining outcomes, beginning to understand abstract concepts.

Question 27

Permissive parenting style

Answer 27

Parents want to be liked so they spoil the child. The child has less social skills and overreacts to mistakes.

Question 28

Authoritarian parenting style

Answer 28

Focuses on obedience and punishment instead of discipline. Child becomes aggressive and immature.

Question 29

Authoritative parenting style

Answer 29

Enforces the rules but with a healthy relationship, positive. Child has high self-esteem, self-reliance, and social competence.

Question 30

Uninvolved/negligent parenting style

Answer 30

Little guidance, maturing, or attention. Child has poor social and achedemic performance and can't accept authority.

Question 31

The Harlows

Answer 31

Experimented on rhesus monkies and discovered that the infants wanted to be social and would go to the furred surrogate mother more often over the wire mother with milk.

Question 32

Vygotsky

Answer 32

Sociocultural theory used in education, especially scaffolding by getting help from and MKO.

Question 33

Piaget

Answer 33

Jean Piaget developed the 4 stages of Cognitive Ability. Mental progression is trying to make sense of new experiences no matter how simple.

Question 34

Ainsworth

Answer 34

Strange situation/observation where she experimented on stranger and separation anxiety in children and infants.

Question 35

Stage one of Erikson's psychosocial stages

Answer 35

Basic trust vs mistrust (1-2 years) Basic trust or mistrust that the world is predictable. One of the first things a baby learns

Question 36

Stage two of Erikson's psychosocial stages

Answer 36

Autonomy vs shame (2-4 years) Developing independence in some tasks, self-doubt when personal control isn't met (shame), while when it is met autonomy is achieved.

Question 37

Stage three of Erikson's psychosocial stages

Answer 37

Initiative vs guilt (4-5 years) Taking initiative in some tasks. Learning rules and consequences

Question 38

Stage four of Erikson's psychosocial stages

Answer 38

Industry vs inferiority (5-12 years, start of school) Start comparing themselves to others. Finding interests, wanting to show they can do something right. Now seeing things that they are either good or bad at in comparison.