Child pyschology Flashcards
(41 cards)
What is the aim of Izendoorn and Kronenburg(1988) study
To explore cross cultural differences in attachment patterns and to assess whether attachments styles are consistent across different cultural contexts
Briefly describe the procedure of this study
- they analysed 32studies using the strange situation procedure
- the studies were conducted in 8 different countries= with a focus on how children reacted to separation from their primary caregiver and reunion
- data was collected and compared
What were the results of this study?
- secure attachment was the most common attachment style across all cultures
- insecure-avoidant attachment was most common in western countries
-insecure resistant attachment was more common in non-western countries - The basic categories remained similar cross cultures
Create a conclusion of the Izendoorn and kronenburg
The study found that while most children around the world form secure attachments, how children react to separation and reunion with their caregivers can differ based on cultural practices and differences
What is deprivation?
Deprivation is the loss or lack of essential emotional care and attachment, often caused by separation from a primary caregiver or a lack of nurturing in early life
What are the effects of deprivation?
- Emotional and behavioural problems
- Cognitive delays
- Attachment issues
- Social and emotional development
How do you reduce the effects of deprivation?
- early intervention
- stable and consistent care
- strong social support
- parenting support
What is privation?
Privation is the lack of any attachment or nurturing in a child’s life. It happens when a child never forms a bond with the caregiver in the first place
What was the aim of genie?
The aim of studying genie was to understand the effects of extreme isolation and privation on a child’s development in areas like language, social skills and cognitive abilities
What is the procedure of genie?
- researchers worked with genie to tech her language and help her develop social skills. Various assessments were made over time to track her progress
What were the results of genie?
- Language development- showed the language development may have been permanently impaired due to missing a critical period for language acquisition
- Emotional and social issues- genie struggled to form relationships and interact socially
- Cognitive delays- showed some improvement in cognitive skills, but remained far behind children of her age
Conclude the study of genie
- case suggested that there was a critical period of language and if it was missed it is very difficult to acquire normal language skills
- the damage caused by years of isolation could not fully be reversed
- it illustrated the difficulty of fully recovering from severe privation
What are the reversabilties of the effects of privation?
- partial recovery
- critical periods
- role of the environment
What is the aim of ainsworths study?
To investigate different attachment styles in children and how they react to separation from and reunion with their caregiver
What is the procedure of Ainsworth?
- he developed a procedure called the strange situation to observe attachment behaviours.
- it involves a series of eight episodes that took place in a playroom and focused on the child’s reaction to being separated from and reunited with the caregiver
What are the results of Ainsworths study?
Ainsworth identified 3 main attachment styles:
1. Secure attachment- 60-70% of children showed this attachment style
2. Insecure avoidant attachment- 15-20% children showed this
3. Insecure-resistant attachment- 10-15% showed this
Conclude Ainsworths study
Ainsworths study showed that the way children behaved depended on how caring and responsive their caregivers were
what are the 3 attachment types?
- Secure attachment
- Insecure-avoidant
- Insecure-resistant
What is secure attachment?
Secure attachment is when the mother is used as a safe base for exploration. Children are wary of strangers but still happy to play when mother is present but is distressed on separation.
What is insecure-avoidant attachment?
Insecure-avoidant is when the child has little distress when seperated from mother and avoids contact upon her return. The child’s play is hardly affected whether mother is present or not but rejects comfort from stranger
What is insecure-resistant attachment:?
Insecure-resistant is when the child is fussy and clingy and very distressed on separation from mother. The child is very wary of strangers when mother is present and upon mothers return is very angry and resisting mother when given attention
What is daycare?
Day care is a form of care for infants and children with someone other than close family that takes place outside the home
What factors may affect how positive daycare is?
- duration of care
- background
- age starting at daycare
- quality of care
What effect does daycare have on insecure and secure attachment children?
secure attachment- negative effect, did not require extra attention and the seperation was detrimental
Insecure attachment- positive effect, needed compensatory care and benefited from daycare
