General Knowledge Needed Flashcards
(31 cards)
What are the 3 types of experimental design?
Independent measures
Repeated measures
Matched pairs
What is an independent measure ? State an advantage and disadvantage as well.
An independent measure is when each participant does one condition only.
Advantage- quicker
Disadvantage- harder to compare
What is repeated measures? State an advantage and disadvantage
Repeated measures is when all of the participants do all conditions
Advantage- easier to compare
Disadvantage- time consuming and costly
What is matched pairs? State an advantage and disadvantage
Matched pairs is when participants are matched with a pair in the another group.
Advantage- better comparison
Disadvantage- harder to find and time consuming
What is a directional hypothesis and what else can it be called?
A directional hypothesis states the direction of the hypothesis, there will be a clear difference stated.
It can also be known as a one tailed hypothesis.
What is a non-directional hypothesis and what can it also be called?
A non-directional hypothesis is when no direction is stated, there are 2 possible directions.
It can also be known as a two-tailed hypothesis.
What is an alternative hypothesis?
An alternative hypothesis is when the hypothesis predicts what will be found.
What is a null hypothesis?
A null hypothesis predicts that no difference will be found.
What is an independent variable?
An independent variable is what you change in the experiment.
What is a dependent variable?
The dependent variable is what is being measured in the experiment.
What is an extraneous variable?
An extraneous variable only affects the dependent variable and can be participant or situational.
What is a confounding variable?
It is a type of extraneous variable that affects the independent variable.
What is a naturalistic observation?
It is a research method where children are observed in their natural environment without any interference or manipulation by the researcher.
What is an advantage and disadvantage of naturalistic observation?
Advantage- familiar environment for children to behave in a natural way
Disadvantage- reduced reliability as natural environments are hard to replicate
What is structured observations?
Structured observations is a research method where the researcher sets up a specific situation or environment to observe how a child behaves.
What is an advantage and disadvantage of structured observations?
Advantage- more reliable as it can be replicated easily
Disadvantage- can be time consuming
What is qualitative data?
Descriptions of observed behaviour in words
What is quantitative data?
Statistics used to record certain behaviours such as tally charts or checklists
Why do child psychologists use questionnaires?
To assess the view of parents, teachers and professionals who work with children.
Why are questionnaires not appropriate to use with children?
- may not be able to read or understand the questions
- may not have the attention span or focus
- may find the process stressful
What is an advantage of questionnaires?
They are efficient -can be given to multiple people and is quick to complete.
What is participants observation?
Participant observation is when the researcher joins in and becomes part of the group they are studying to get a deeper insight into their lives.
What are the 2 types of participants observation?
Covert
Overt
What is covert observation?
Covert observation is when participants do not know that they are being studied (it is undercover).
