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Child Reading & Writing Flashcards

1
Q

What is it called when a child associates speech and writing?

A

phoneme-grapheme correspondence

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2
Q

What is pseudo-reading?

A

Where a baby or young child sits with an adult and is read to.

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3
Q

What does pseudo-reading help?

A

Helps learn the mechanics of books

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4
Q

What does the phonic approach focus on?

A

Focusses on the sound of letters

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5
Q

What is the Synthetic Phonics approach?

A

Individual sounds are divorced from bigger words

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6
Q

In the analytic approach, what two categories are words divided into?

A

Onset and rime

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7
Q

What is onset?

A

The first chunk of a word

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8
Q

What is rime?

A

The second chunk of a word.

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9
Q

In the following word, what bit is the onset?

“Pond”

A

P

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10
Q

In the following word, what bit is the rime?

Pond

A

ond

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11
Q

What is the whole word approach?

A

Teaches children to recognise the word as a whole as opposed to individual sounds. Recognise the shape of words and letters

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12
Q

What does it mean if a text is cohesive?

A

All bits of writing on the page relate to each other

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13
Q

Which two theorists proposed Story Grammar (1979)?

A

Stein and Glenn

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14
Q

In Stein and Glenn’s Story Grammar, what is the setting?

A

The introduction of main characters as well as the time and place for the story action

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15
Q

In Stein and Glenn’s Story Grammar, what is the initiating event?

A

An action or happening that sets up a problem or dilemma for the story

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16
Q

In Stein and Glenn’s Story Grammar, what is the internal response?

A

The protagonist’s reactions to the initiating event

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17
Q

In Stein and Glenn’s Story Grammar, what is the attempt?

A

An action or plan of the protagonist to solve the problem

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18
Q

In Stein and Glenn’s Story Grammar, what is the consequence?

A

The result of the protagonist’s actions

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19
Q

In Stein and Glenn’s Story Grammar, what is the reaction?

A

A response by the protagonist to the consequence

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20
Q

What are the 6 different types of reading cues?

A

-Graphophonic
-Semantic
-Visual
-Syntactic
-Contextual
-Miscue

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21
Q

What type of reading cue is graphophonic?

A

Looking at the shape of words and linking them to familiar graphemes or words to interpret them

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22
Q

What type of reading cue is semantic?

A

Understanding the meanings of words and making connections between words in order to decode new ones

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23
Q

What type of reading cue is visual?

A

Looking at pictures and using the visual narrative to interpret unfamiliar words and ideas

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24
Q

What type of reading cue is syntactic?

A

applying knowledge of a word order and word classes to work out if a words seems right in the context

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25
What type of reading cue is **contextual**?
Searching for understanding in the situation of the story- comparing it to their own experience or their pragmatic understanding of social conventions
26
What type of reading cue is **miscue**?
Making errors when reading: a child might miss a word or substitute another that looks similar, or guess a word from the accompanying pictures.
27
Which is harder to learn, speech or reading & writing?
Reading and Writing
28
How many principles does Clay have?
4
29
In Clay's Principles, what is the **Recurring** Principle?
When a child knows only a limited number of letters, they will use these repeatedly to create a message
30
In Clay's Principles, what is the **Directional** Principle?
They learn that reading and writing goes from left to right and uses a return sweep to start the process again
31
In Clay's Principles, what is the **Generating** Principle?
The child learns that there are a limited number of letters that combine in different ways. They begin to recognise there are patterns that can be used to convey a message.
32
In Clay's Principles, what is the **Inventory** Principle?
The child begins to write lists of letters and words that they know as a summary of their own learning.
33
How many principles does Goodman propose?
3
34
In Goodman's Principles, what is the **Functional** Principle?
The notion that writing can serve a purpose and has a function for the writer
35
In Goodman's Principles, what is the **Linguistic** Principle?
The notion that writing is a system that is organised into words and letters and has directionality.
36
In Goodman's Principles, what is the **Relational** Principle?
Children start to connect what they write with spoken words and understand that the alphabet carries meaning.
37
How many basic skills for writing are there?
10
38
How many stages of writing are there in Barclay's Stages?
7
39
What is the first stage of Barclay's Seven Stages?
Scribbling
40
What is **scribbling** in Barclay's Seven Stages?
Random marks on the page
41
What is the second stage of Barclay's Seven Stages?
Mock Handwriting
42
What is **mock handwriting** in Barclay's Seven Stages?
Often appears with drawings (looks like separate lines of writing ~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~~~ ~~~)
43
What is the third stage of Barclay's Seven Stages?
Mock Letters
44
What is **mock letters** in Barclay's Seven Stages?
Children make letter-like shapes that resemble conventional alphabet letters
45
What is the fourth stage of Barclay's Seven Stages?
Conventional letters
46
What is **conventional letters** in Barclay's Seven Stages?
The firs word to appear is usually the child's first name eg. BDTISSYNQLHJISSYNMFT
47
What is the fifth stage of Barclay's Seven Stages?
Invented spelling
48
What is **Invented Spelling** in Barclay's Seven Stages?
As the child writes conventional letters, they begin to cluster letters to make words eg. LMND PQRT LDS FHUI
49
What is the sixth stage of Barclay's Seven Stages?
Approximated/phonetic spelling
50
What is **approximated/phonetic spelling** in Barclay's Seven Stages?
Children begin to associate sounds with the letters eg BRD for bird
51
What is the seventh stage of Barclay's Seven Stages?
Conventional Spelling
52
What is **conventional spelling** in Barclay's Seven Stages?
This occurs as the child's approximated spellings become more and more conventional
53
How many phases of learning to write did Kroll propose?
4
54
What is the first phase of Kroll's Phases?
Preparatory Stage
55
What is **Preparatory Stage** in Kroll's phases?
-Child masters the basic motor skills needed to write -Child learns the basic principles of the spelling system
56
What is the second phase of Kroll's phases?
Consolidation Stage
57
What is **Consolidation Stage** in Kroll's phases?
-Child writes in the same way it speaks -Use short declarative sentences which include mainly 'and' conjunctions -Incomplete sentences as they don't know how to finish the sentence off
58
What is the third phase of Kroll's Phases?
Differentiation Stage
59
What is **Differentiation Stage** in Kroll's phases?
-Child becomes aware of the difference between speaking and writing -Child recognises the different writing styles available -Child makes lots of mistakes -Writing guides and frameworks are provided to structure work -Child writing tends to reflect thoughts and feelings
60
What is the fourth phase of Kroll's Phases?
Integration Stage
61
What is **Integration Stage** in Kroll's phases?
-Child develops a personal style -Child understands you can change your style according to audience and purpose

Child Language (5 decks)

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