Child with Neurologic Alteration Flashcards
(37 cards)
CNS is composed of ________
brain and spinal cord
Myelinization of the nerves begins in the ____ of gestation and is completed by ________.
3rd month; adolescence
Brain and spinal cord are covered by the _______.
meninges
CSF surrounds the _____ and ________.
brain and spinal cord
Brain consists of three sections
cerebrum, cerebellum and brainstem
There are _______ pairs of never
12
Testing of the cranial nerves can indicate ______ and _____ of CNS injury
location and degree
Auto regulation is also known as ______.
This process allows ______ to change in diameter in response to changes in _____ ______ ______.
self-regulation; cerebral arteries ; cerebral perfusion pressure.
auto regulation can be impaired by _____,______,_____.
trauma , ischemia and ICP
What is increased intracranial pressure (IICP)
Results in disturbance in the auto-regulation of the pressure exerted by the blood, brain, CSF, and other space-occupying fluid/mass within the CNS
ICP is defined as pressure sustained at _____mm hg or ____ for _____ minutes or longer
20; higher ; 5
What causes IICP?
_______ or ______ of CSF
Space occupying ____-_____,______
overproduction or malabsorption;
lesion-tumor, hematoma ;
infection and head trauma
Manifestations of IICP in infant are?
poor feeding or vomiting, irritability, restlessness or lethargy bulging fontanel** high-pitched cry Increased head circumference** separation of cranial sutures*** distended scalp veins eyes deviated downward ***late sign increased or decreased sings to pain ***
IICP manifestations for child are ?
Headache diplopia mood swings slurred speech papilledema - after 48 hours altered LOC N/V especially in the AM
Neuro Examination
GCS assesses ___,____,____
eye opening, verbal response and motor response.
GCS ranges from ___ to ____
15 to 3
GCS of 15 indicates
no change in LOC
a GCS of 3 indicates
deep coma and poor prognosis
Neuro Exam - Behavior such as _______
parent’s reporting child isn’t acting like himself
Neuro Exam - decreased response to _____ stimuli is a significant sign of alteration in level of consciousness
painful
Neuro Exam- pupil eval
Compression of the ____ cranial nerve, results in pupil _____ with _____ or ____ constriction
3rd
dilation
sluggish or absent
Neuro Exam- Pupil Eval
a fixed _____ pupil is an ominous sign of an ____ child
other signs include ____ and ______
dilated ; unconscious
ptosis ; ovoid pupil
Neuro exam Motor Function
A child with increased ICP exhibits changes in motor function. _______ movement will decrease and ____ posturing may be observed
purposeful ;abnormal
Neuro exam - motor function
Flexion also known as
Plantar ______
decorticate posturing
** hug the upper extremities and extension of the lower extremities
flexion