Child, youth and adolescent

Question 1

What is attachment theory?

Answer 1

the theory that humans are born with a need to form a close emotional bond with a caregiver and that such a bond will develop during the first six months of a child’s life if the caregiver is appropriately responsive.

Question 2

What type of adult mental health problems can be a result of disorganised attachment?

Answer 2

PTSD, Depression, Affective dysregulation (borderline personality disorder), anxiety, ADHD, and trans-generational trauma

Question 3

How can we assess an infants mental health?

Answer 3

With the still face experiment

Question 4

What are some risk factors that may predispose children to poor mental health?

Answer 4

Maternal depression, maternal substance misuse, L conflict in family, poverty & social class, teenage parenting, family violence, all forms of abuse, and death.

Question 5

What are some protective factors of healthy mental health in children?

Answer 5

An easy temperament, high level of intelligence, positive relationships, support from peers, sense of humour, positive experiences at school, reflection, planning, ability to make decisions, and faith

Question 6

What does the still face experiment teach us?

Answer 6

The ‘still face’ demonstrates how vulnerable we all are to the emotional or non-emotional reactions of the people they are close to. It demonstrates how babies who are just learning about their relational world try to achieve connection.

Question 7

What is infant mental health?

Answer 7

This refers to how well a child develops socially and emotionally from birth till 3. Understandings infant mental health is the key to preventing and treating the mental health problems of very young children and families

Question 8

What are some mothering myths?

Answer 8

That the mother immediately wants, knows and loves her baby, maori and Pacifica mothers bond better with their baby’s, a mother should be able to give her full emotional self to the baby and that the birth of the baby will bring happiness to a family

Question 9

What is the most risky time for women to become mentally unwell?

Answer 9

Post parturition

Question 10

What percentage of women experience PND

Answer 10

10-15%

Question 11

What percentage of pregnant women experience depression?

Answer 11

10%

Question 12

What percentage of women experience anxiety while pregnant or post natally?

Answer 12

15-20%

Question 13

What percentage of women experience BPAD while pregnant of post nasally?

Answer 13

1-2%

Question 14

What percentage of women experience a post natal psychosis?

Answer 14

0.5%

Question 15

What influences maternal mental health?

Answer 15

Biology, psychology (temperament and resilience), social situations, supports, previous experience, trauma, drug/alc use, and cultural perceptions

Question 16

What is involved in mother to child bonding?

Answer 16

Getting to know the baby (becoming their primary attachment figure), meeting the child’s needs and responding readily, non-verbal communication,

Question 17

Is it normal to not feel an attachment/bond after birth?

Answer 17

Yes, up to 20% of mothers will feel this way

Question 18

What is maternal-infant dyad?

Answer 18

Dyad care includes care to the mother and infant while they are in close physical proximity (optimally skin-to-skin) with the understanding that appropriate care of one must address the needs and interests of the other. (Building the bond)

Question 19

What is an example of secure attachment?

Answer 19

“My primary caregiver is emotionally available and responsive to my needs”

Question 20

What is an example of avoidant attachment?

Answer 20

“My primary caregiver is usually emotionally available and my independence in valued”

Question 21

What is an example of ambivalent attachment?

Answer 21

“My primary caregiver is inconsistently emotionally avaliable”

Question 22

What is an example of disorganised (destructive) attachment?

Answer 22

“My primary caregiver sometimes soothes me, but also represents danger, I don’t know what to expect from them”

Question 23

Which years are the most important for determining brain structure for life?

Answer 23

The first 3 years (0-3)

Question 24

What is Watch, Wait, and Wonder?

Answer 24

It’s giving the infant the chance to lead the play, it encourages free play, self efficacy, confidence, and identity (0-4yrs)

Question 25

What is play therapy?

Answer 25

Play therapy is a method of therapy that uses play to uncover and deal with psychological issues.

Question 26

What factors are assessed for a child mental health diagnosis?

Answer 26

- Problems in more than one setting (at school, at home, with peers ect) - Changes in appetite or sleep - Social withdrawal or fear of things he or she did not used to be not afraid of - Returning to behaviours more common in younger children (bed wetting) - Signs of being upset, sadness or tearfulness - Signs of self-destructive behaviour such as head-banging or getting hurt often - Repeated thoughts of death

Question 27

What are some examples of childhood mental health issues?

Answer 27

ADD, ADHD, Anxiety, PTSD, OCD, DAG, Specific phobia, separation anxiety, panic disorder, social phobia , depression, BPAD, and eating disorders

Question 28

What type of attachment is important for brain development?

Answer 28

Secure attachment

Question 29

Discuss adolescence

Answer 29

A period of rapid growth and development from the age of 13 to 18 (sometimes 20) in which physical, social, cognitive, and psychological changes occur simultaneously. They develop values and have an heightened capacity for peer relationships and intimacy

Question 30

What is the primary goal of the psychosocial assessment for the child/adolescent

Answer 30

To understand the inner world of the child/adolescent

Question 31

What are some common developmental disorders?

Answer 31

Autistic spectrum disorder, ADHD Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and communication disorders

Question 32

What are some early signs of autism spectrum disorder in children (under 3)?

Answer 32

Hyper fixation on a toy, not making eye contact, irritability, not responding to their name, slow to learning words.

Question 33

What is the DSM 5 diagnostic domain for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?

Answer 33

This is characterised by 2 diagnostic domains. 1. Deficits in social communication and social interaction manifested by deficits in social-emotional reciprocity, non-verbal communication and developing, maintaining and understanding relationships 2. Restricted repetitive behaviours, intrests and activities, manifested by at least 2 of the following: Stereotyped/repetitive motor movements, need for ‘sameness’, inflexible adherence to routines ritualized patterns of nonverbal or verbal behav, highly restrictive, fixated intrests or unusual interest in sensory aspects of the environment

Question 34

What is the DSM 5 diagnostic domain for Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Answer 34

18 symptoms divided into 2 symptom domains (inattention + hyperactivity/impulsivity) of which at least 6 symptoms in one domain are required for diagnosis in children up to the age of 16 These symptoms must be present for at least 6 months to an extent that its disruptive and inappropriate for the persons developmental level Symptoms include: short attention span, difficulty sustaining attention, distractible, not listening, repeated failure to follow instructions, poor organisation, forgetfulness, high energy, restlessness, loudness, impulsivity, disruptive, engagement in careless or dangerous activities, doesn’t accept responsibility, blames others, failure to learn from experience, low self-esteem and poor social skills

Question 35

What are some mood and anxiety disorder?

Answer 35

Mood dysregulation disorder, major depressive disorder, persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia), separation anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia, and GAD

Question 36

What are conduct disorders?

Answer 36

Conduct disorder" refers to a group of repetitive and persistent behavioral and emotional problems in youngsters. Children and adolescents with this disorder have great difficulty following rules, respecting the rights of others, showing empathy, and behaving in a socially acceptable way.

Question 37

What are some types of conduct disorder?

Answer 37

ODD Oppositional defiant disorder, Intermittent explosive disorder, Conduct disorder, antisocial personality disorder, pyromania, and kleptomania

Question 38

What are some problems with diagnosis of mental disorders in adolescence?

Answer 38

Social stigma, normal developmental milestones, subjective interpretation, environmental factors, culture, politics and judgement, and substance use

Question 39

What are some interventions for child and adolescent mental illness?

Answer 39

Good assessment (family and patient), education, therapeutic alliance, CBT, psychodynamic therapy, group therapy, case management, brief intervention, family therapy, and parent therapy, pharmacology, and milieu therapy