childcare theorists Flashcards
(21 cards)
what was bronfenbrenner’s theory about?
what happens in the environment around the child can affect them
5 systems-micro, meso, exo, macro, chrono
what are the 5 systems and what they mean?
micro-what’s closest to the child
meso-how different things in the micro system interact/are linked
exo-doesn’t involve the child directly but can impact them still
macro-wider society outside of family
chrono-timing of events with the other systems. this can’t be controlled
what was bowlby’s theory about?
babies are biologically pre-programmed to form attachments
in the early months, babies will form secure attachments with their mother
the key worker will have to spend 1:1 time with the parent and child so the child can become comfortable with them
in bowlby’s theory, how can the child become comfortable with the key worker to then form a secure attachment?
having regular home visits, spending 1:1 time with the key worker with the parent in the room, visiting the nursery/school with the parent
what was ainsworth’s theory about?
the Strange Situation study-see what kind of attachment the child has with the parent
4 main attachments
the stranger/key worker could distract the child with toys and games
what are the 4 main attachments in ainsworth’s theory?
secure-baby plays while adult is present. shows distress when parent leaves. comforted on parents return
insecure-distressed when parent leaves and resists strangers comfort. wants immediate contact on parents return but is frustrated but clingy
avoidant-shows ittle distress when parent leaves. avoids parent on return. dislikes being alone but can be comforted by stranger
what is bandura’s theory about?
children copy the behaviour they see/hear
there are 4 main principles
bobo doll study-the study was designed to see if the children who watched the video would copy the behaviour
what are the 4 main principles in bandura’s study?
attention-child sees the behaviour happening
retention-what’s observed remains in their memory
reproduction-behaviour is produced
motivation-can continue or stop behaviour to get a reward
what is skinner’s theory about?
operant conditioning theory-positive and negative reinforcements and punishments
rewards and punishments improve a child’s behaviour
primary reinforcer-immediate meeting of need
secondary reinforcer-delayed but a way of getting a primary reinforcer
what is the Operant Conditioning theory in skinner’s theory?
P enforcement-give reward for good behaviour
N reinforcement-remove something to get rid of bad behaviour
P punishment-give negative consequence for bad behaviour
N punishment-removing something they like or want
what is maslow’s theory about?
hierarchy of needs
basic needs at the bottom must be fulfilled to complete the others
5 levels
what were the 5 levels of maslow’s hierarchy of needs? top to bottom
self-actualization-problem solving, creativity, education
esteem needs- confidence, self-esteem, respect
belongingness and love needs-friends, family, intermate relationships
safety needs-security, comfort, safety
physiological needs-food, water, warmth rest, sex
what is piaget’s theory about?
Children’s schematic knowledge- 4 stages
stages of learning-4 stages
what is piaget’s schema theory about?
children have a mental idea on how things are based on experiences
4 stages
what are piaget’s 4 stages on the schema theory?
assimilation-the child already knows the information and uses it
equilibrium-the child is introduced to an object that fits the existing knowledge
disequilibrium-the child is given new information about the object that doesn’t fit the existing knowledge
acceptance the child adapts their existing knowledge to the new knowledge
what is piaget’s stages theory about?
children have stages of learning
object permenance- objects still exist when hidden 0-8m will think the object is gone. 8+m will look for the object in places its been before
what is piaget’s stages of learning?
sensorimotor (0-2yr)-learn from senses
pre-operational(2-7yr)-use symbols to represent words, pictures. be egocentric
concrete operational-use practical resources to help understand (counters)
what is chomsky’s theory about?
LAD-Language Acquisition Device
children have the innate ability to learn a language
children have a critical period to learn a language
what is vygotsky’s theory about?
ZPD-Zone of Proximal Development
the child is able to complete something with assistance-do without help, with help, with help but still can’t complete
ZAD-Zone of Actual Development
what the child can do by themselves
social interaction with adults is important
what is bruner’s theory about?
need for a language rich environment
scaffolding-adults should help the child when they need it not take over activity. can cause them to give up
3 modes of cognitive representation
what are the 3 modes of cognitive representation in bruner’s theory?
enactive-learn through physical actions
iconic-image-based learning. children use one thing to represent another
symbolic-using symbols to represent ideas
