Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Respiratory SB > Childhood and Worker's Diseases > Flashcards

Childhood and Worker's Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

what is a pleural effusion

A

abnormal collection of fluid in the pleural space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the two most useful tests for diagnosing pleural effusion

A

ultrasound and x-ray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the appearance of a pleural effusion on an x-ray and what does it suggest

A

flat line suggest pneumothorax or hydro-pneumothorax
round substances in between lobes suggest fluid
meniscus suggest fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the name for pleural effusions with protein content less than 30mg

A

Transudate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the name for pleural effusions with protein content more than 30mg

A

Exudate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what does a straw coloured pleural aspirate suggest

A

cardiac failure, hypoalbuminaema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what does a blood pleural aspirate suggest

A

trauma, malignancy, infection, infarction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the causes of transudate effusions

A

heart failure, meigs syndrome, liver cirrhosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the causes of exudate effusions

A

pneumonia, TB, carcinoma,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is meigs syndrome

A

a triad of benign ovarian tumour, pleural effusion and ascites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the normal pleural pH

A

7.6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what does a pleural pH of less than 7.3 suggest

A

pleural inflammation, empyema, malignancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the treatment plan for pleural effusions

A

depends on underlying cause

but can drain the effusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is pleurodesis and what is it used as a treatment for

A

artificial procedure to prevent the lung from collapsing again
pleural effusions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the related conditions of asbestos

A

benign pleural plaques
diffuse pleural thickening
pleural effusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what stage of asbestos exposure is asymptomatic

A

benign pleural plaques

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the symptoms often caused by acute asbestos pleuritis

A

fever, pain, bloody pleural effusions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what do pleural effusions and diffuse pleural thickening cause in patients

A

restrictive impairment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is malignant mesothelioma

A

incurable pleural cancer

presents with chest pain and pleural effusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the typical features of pulmonary fibrosis related to asbestosis

A

restrictive defect
asbestos bodies in sputum
asbestos fibre in biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are the two cancers that patients with asbestosis exposure have increased risk to

A

bronchial adenocarcinoma and mesothelioma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are the clinical features of asbestosis

A

progressive dyspnoea
clubbing
find, end-inspiratory crackles
pleural plaques

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is sarcoidosis

A

a granulomatous (type 4 hypersensitive) disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

symptoms of chronic sarcoidosis

A

lung infiltrates (alveolitis)
skin infiltrates
hypercalcaemia
peripheral lymphadenopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

signs of sarcoidosis seen on an x-ray

A

bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

symptoms of acute sarcoidosis

A 
erthyema nodosum (red nodules on the legs)
painful joints and eyes
inflammation of the glands
bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy
fever
dry cough
progressive dyspnoea
chest pain
decreased exercise tolerance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

differential for bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy on an x-ray

A

sarcoidosis

TB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

signs of sarcoidosis seen on a CT-scan

A

peripheral nodular infiltrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

signs of sarcoidosis seen on a tissue biopsy

A

non-caseating granuloma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

signs of sarcoidosis in blood tests

A

raised ACE serum levels
raised calcium levels
raised inflammatory markers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Treatment of acute and chronic sarcoidosis

A

Acute - self limiting, NSAIDs, steroids (if vital organ damage)
Chronic - oral steroids, immunosuppresion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

buzzwords for sarcoidosis

A
  • African-Carribean woman
  • Raised Ca2+ and ACE levels
  • Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, erythema nodosum, granulomas, fatigue, uveitis and weight loss
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

buzzwords for pleural effusion

A

stony dull to percuss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what is EAA

A

hypersensitive pneumonitis

type III hypersensitive (immune complex deposition)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what are some causes of EAA

A

Bird-fanciers and Pigeon-fanciers lung
Farmer’s and mushroom workers lung
Malt worker’s lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

acute presentation of EAA

A

dry cough, breathlessness, fever, myalgia, no wheeze, crackles, hypoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

chronic presentation of EAA

A

increasing dyspnoea, weight loss, clubbing, crackles, dry cough

38
Q

what is common of EAA on x-rays

A

upper zone mottling/consolidation

39
Q

what is the results of pulmonary function test in EAA (what type of defect)

A

restrictive defect
low FEV1 and FEV
high or normal ratio
low gas transfer

40
Q

how to diagnosis EAA

A

history of exposure

presence of IgG antibodies to guilty antigen

41
Q

treatment for EAA

A

remove antigen

steroids if needed

42
Q

4 C’s of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)

A

(dry) cough, clubbing, crepitations, cyanosis

43
Q

secondary causes of IPF

A

RA, systemic sclerosis, asbestos, drugs

44
Q

presentation of IPF

A

progressive breathlessness, dry cough, malaise, weight loss, joint pain (arthralgia)

45
Q

PFT of patient with IPF

A 
restrictive defect
decreased FEV1 and FVC
normal or raised ratio
reduced lung volumes
low gas transfer
46
Q

X-ray of patient with IPF

A
  • honeycomb lung

- bilateral lower zone reticulonodular shadowing

47
Q

CT scan of IPF

A
  • ground glass appearance
48
Q

treatment of IPF

A

oxygen, opiates, pallative care

recommended high dose steroids not used

49
Q

buzzwords for IPF

A

Ground-glass appearance on X-ray

Honeycomb lung

50
Q

what are the two types of coal worker pneumoconiosis

A

Simple

Complicated

51
Q

what is simple pneumoconiosis

A

chest x-ray abnormality only
no impaired lung function
associated with COPD

52
Q

treatment of simple and complicated pneumoconiosis

A

avoid coal dust
treat co-exisiting chronic bronchitis
claim compensation

53
Q

what is complicated pneumoconiosis

A

progressive massive fibrosis leading to restrictive pattern with breathlessness
associated with emphysema

54
Q

what does complicated pneumoconiosis eventually go on to cause

A

Cor pulmonale

55
Q

what is Caplan’s syndrome

A

association between rheumatoid arthritis, pneumoconiosis and pulmonary rheumatoid nodules

56
Q

what is silicosis

A

simple pneumoconiosis - chest XR abnormality only

57
Q

what is seen in a chest x-ray of silicosis

A

egg-shell calcification of hilar nodes

diffuse miliary or nodular pattern in the upper zone

58
Q

clinical features of silicosis

A

progressive dyspnoea, increased incidence of TB, restrictive tendency

59
Q

buzzwords for silicosis

A
  • Snow storm appearance on x ray

- egg-shell calcification of hilar nodes on x ray

60
Q

what is the pathology of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

A

not enough surfactant in the lungs to keep them inflated

61
Q

what is in surfactant and what is its production stimulated by

A

phospholipids, apoproteins

steroids

62
Q

what is the complications of neonatal distress syndrome

A

no breath sounds on 1 side

sudden deterioration

63
Q

what is the x-ray appearance of neonatal distress syndrome

A

distinctive cloudy appearance

64
Q

what is the treatment of neonatal distress syndrome

A

ventilation, artificial surfactant

65
Q

buzzwords for neonatal distress syndrome

A

ground glass appearance on x-ray

66
Q

what is a pneumothorax

A

air in the pleural space

67
Q

what can causes a pneumothorax in infants

A

intermittent postive - pressure ventilation

68
Q

what is the classification of chronic lung disease in infants

A

O2 requirements beyond 36 weeks corrected gestation plus evidence of ILD

69
Q

what is indicative of cystic fibrosis

A

infant with raised immune-reactive trypsin levels on neonatal screening

70
Q

what is CF

A

autosomal recessive

mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene on chromosome 7

71
Q

what does the defect in CF cause

A

error in Cl- channel leads to defective Cl secretion and increase sodium absorption across airway epithelium

72
Q

what does CF predispose the lungs to

A

chronic pulmonary infections

bronchiectasis

73
Q

clinical features of CF in neonatal

A

failure to thrive
rectal prolapse
loose stool due to meconium ileus (bowel is sticky causes it to block)

74
Q

clinical features of CF in young adult

A 
cough, wheeze, recurrent infections
cor pulmonale
male infertility
nasal polyps
gallstones
75
Q

how is CF diagnoses

A

sweat test - sodium and chloride levels > 60mmol/L

genetics - screen for mutatiosn

76
Q

tests for CF

A

bacteriology - cough swab, sputum culture

spirometry - obstructive defect

77
Q

management of CF

A

physiotherapy, bronchodilators

78
Q

what is Kartagener’s syndrome

A

autosomal recessive disease

defect in the structure and function of sensory and motile cilia

79
Q

presentation of Kartagener’s syndrome

A
  • possible neonatal RDS
  • chronic rhinorrhoea, rhinitis, otitis
  • COPD, recurrent pneumonia, bronchiectasis
  • male infertility, decreased female fertility
80
Q

features of Kartagener’s syndrome

A

dextrocardia

81
Q

what is croup

A

viral laryngotracheobronchitis

i.e. infection of the larynx and trachea

82
Q

signs of croup

A

stridor

barking cough

83
Q

treatment for croup

A

oral steroids

84
Q

what is pertussis

A

“whooping cough”

85
Q

baby from developing country, irritable, no fever, neck rigidity

A

mycobacterium TB

86
Q

what is common causes of bronchiolitis in the young

A

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
hMPV
adenovirus

87
Q

symptoms of bronchiolitis in the young

A

tachypnoea, poor feeding, irritating cough,

apnoea in small babies

88
Q

symtoms and features of pneumonia in small children

A

cough, sputum, fever

dullness on percussion, increased vocal fremitus and resonance, bronchial breathing

89
Q

microorganisms causing pneumonia in neonates

A

E.coli, Klebsiella, Staph aureus

90
Q

microorganisms causing pneumonia in infants

A

strep pneumonia, chlamydia,

91
Q

microorganisms causing pneumonia at school age

A

strep pneumonia, Staph aureus, legionella, mycoplasma

92
Q

what type of chest pain is worse on inspiration

A

pleuritic

Respiratory SB (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions