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PS280 > childhood disorders > Flashcards

childhood disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

externalizing problems

A

aka disorders of uncontrolled behaviours
- ODD and CD, ADHD

new DSM-5 category: disruptive, impulse control, conduct disorders

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2
Q

disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

A

tempertantrum dis

controversial, in dsm-5

3x or more temper outbursts/week

in prev dsm, called childhood bipolar dis

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3
Q

ADHD facts

A

not recog until research by virginia douglas

symps: diff conc, sustaining focus, follow instructions, forget daily activities

types:
- adhd combined
- adhd predominantly hyperactive
- adhd perdominantly attention deficit

prev: 5.29%, adults 4.4%

boys > girls, may be overstated

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4
Q

hyperactivity

A

constant motion, jiggle legs, fidget, talk out of turn
- cant stop moving or talking

kids w adhd have peer difficulties bcs seen as annoying
- 15-30% have learning disabilities

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5
Q

thomas brown ADHD model

A
  1. activation: organize, prioritze, activate to work
  2. focus: sustain, shift
  3. memory: WM and recall
    4: action: monitor and relf reg
    5: emotion: manage
  4. effort: reg alertness, processing speed

executive function impaired by ADHD

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6
Q

thomas brown comorbidity

A

70% had more than 1 disorder

40% ODD, 34% anxiety,
- some CD, tics, mood disordere

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7
Q

genetic predisposition ADHD

A

75% heritable

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8
Q

brain diffs ADHD

A

frontal striatal circuity
reduced vol cerebellum and cerebrum
dec basal ganglia vol
dysfunctions NE and dopamine sys

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9
Q

ADHD in adults

A

emphasize inattention over hyperactivity

comorbid w marriage issues, subs abuse, anti-social disorders
- low SES, change jobs, dec perf

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10
Q

environmental toxins

A

mixed evidence

pesticides, lead, etc. contrib

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11
Q

pre and perinatal factors

A

maternal smoking, alc abuse, low BW, prematurity

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12
Q

diet

A

nutritional deficiencies, surpluses, IgG foods

correlation, not proven risk

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13
Q

psychosocial adversity

A

family adversity and hostility, early deprivaation

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14
Q

diathesis-stress theory

A

not research supported

hyperactivity dev when predisposition combo w authoritarian upbringing
- attention seeking

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15
Q

treatment ADHD

A

stimulants: reduce attention deficits
- rialin, methyphenidate
- lack appetite, insomnia
- may be overprescribed

psych treatment: operant conditioning and parent/classroom training

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16
Q

ODD

A

oppositional defiant disorder

main themes:
- disobedient
- irritable
- vindicative

do NOT demonstrate serious violations of norms like in CD

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17
Q

CD

A

conduct disorder
- more severe than ODD
- LACK REMOSE, vicious

comorbid w ODD and ADHD

repetitive behavs: aggression to ppl and aimals, destroy property, theft, lies, serious violations

is a criteria for anti-social personality disorder
- some will develop ASD later

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18
Q

bio factors CD

Study These Flashcards
A

aggression is heritable, delinquency is not

neurpsychosocial deficits: dec verbal skills, exec funct, memory

amygdala dysfunction

19
Q

psych factors CD

Study These Flashcards
A

ineffective parenting, inconsistent discipline

learning theories: modelling and operant conditioning

20
Q

biopsychosocial model

Study These Flashcards
A

of CD

bio predisposition interacts w sociocultural context
- impacts parenting, peers, mental processes

21
Q

chaotic social environ

Study These Flashcards
A

of CD

noise lvls, crowd, unpredictable home

22
Q

treating CD

Study These Flashcards
A

address young, adulthood can progress to anti-social disorder

family interventions: parental management training

cog approaches: anger management, moral reasoning skills training

23
Q

preventing CD

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A

begin treat at 3y/o ID mothers at risk:
- post partum depression
- maternal antisocial
- young preg, smoker
- partner cruelty

24
Q

dsm-5 neurodevelopment disorders list

Study These Flashcards
A

adhd
specific learning disorders
communication disorder
motor disorders
autism spectrum disorder
intellectual disability disorder

25
specific learning disorders
inadequate dev in specific lang, academic, speech, motor area - not from autism, phys disorder, lack of education usually have avg-high intelligence 5%+ prevalence dyslexia: cannot recog words and comp dyscalcula: cannot align numbs, rapidly count, recall dysgraphia: poor grammar, handwriting, diff composing written work
26
etiology of learning disorders
dyslexia chromosome 13 - can be heritable dec left temporo-parietal cortex activation
27
treating learning disorders
special ed programs individualized to severity parent involvement
28
communication disorders
language disorder: see car but cannot communicate word phonology/speech sound disorder: wabbit, bu stuttering/childhood onset fluency disorder: more common boys, resolves pragmatic communication dis: cannot interp nonverbal cues - argued is autism - new to dsm-5
29
motor disorders
developmental communication disorder: impaired motor coordination i.e. tie laces, button shirt - only when severe tics: motor or verbal, repetitive tourette's disorder: mult motor or 1+ vocal tic
30
intellectual disability
sig limitations intellect and adaptive behavs (perception, practical, social) - IQ 70 or lower - onset before 18 mild: 50-55 to 70, 85% moderate: 35-40 to 50-55, 10% severe: 20-25 to 35-40, 4% profound: less than 20-25, 1-2%
31
etiology intellectual disability
NO IDENTIFIABLE CAUSE 30-40% hereditary disorders: genetic or chromosomal - i.e. fragile x syndrome early alterations of embryonic dev: 30% - FAS, down syndrome measles, chickenpox, etc. late preg and preg issues environ: reduced stimulation, lack nutruance, low SES - 15-20%
32
preventing and treating ID
enrichment programs: behav and cog interventions - based on op conditioning
33
ASD
autism spectrum disorder - many subcategories - DSM-5 eliminated subcats bcs inconsistent distinctions...now focus on severity 4:1 boys to girls onset infancy and early dev comborbid w anx, dep, adhd
34
ASD features
deficits in social communication and interaction, trouble w changing contexts - limited imaginative play - repetitive and rigid behavs - self-stim behavs i.e. arm flap
35
rett's disorder
rare, only in girls - normal dev 1-2 yrs, then head dec growth and cannot use hands meaningfully - handwashing/wringing motion - dec speech and walking
36
childhood disintegrative disorder
of ASD v rare, norm dev 2 yrs - lose social, play, lang, motor skills
37
extreme autism aloneness
rarely engage in play w others, don't greet spontaneously
38
common autism deficits
echolia echo speech: repeat phrases pronoun reversal obsessive compulsive and ritualistic acts: upset w change, prone to stereotypic behav
39
etiology ASD
psych: prev though refrigerator mothers (cold, traumatize child) genetics: 75x greater risk for siblings - fragile x: chromosome abs, linked to freater social communication deficits neuro factors: 30% have seizures, ab brainwave patterns - cerebllum, amgy, corpus callosum, frontl and temp cortex environ: mat infections, drugs, nutrition
40
treating ASD
early intervention to inc success - modelling and op conditioning EIBI: early intensive behav intervention - works when before 5y/o and intensive (20+hrs/wk and homework for 2+yrs) - kids w higher initial cog have best resp
40
disorders of overcontrolled behaviours
aka internalizing problems now considered childhood ONSET - social phob - gad - ocd - selective mutism - post traumatic stress - spec phobia - panic - separation anx - depression
41
ACEs
averse childhood experiences - incarcerated parent, witness abuse, abused inc poverty, MI, abnormal behav
41
childhood fear and anx
1/3 canadian kids rated too fearful by parents - girls inc common 10-15% kids have anxiety disorder - most common childhood disorder helicopter parents: catastrophic predictions abt outside - keep kids on edge

PS280 (10 decks)

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