Children: normal growth and development

Question 1

What are the skeletal functions at

a) 6 months
b) 10 months
c) 1 year
d) 18 months
e) 2 years
f) 3 years
g) 4 years
h) 8 years?

Answer 1

a) rolls, sits with support
b) sits unsupported
c) stands holding furniture
d) walks alone, broad base
e) starts to run, stairs 2 feet
f) up stairs 1 foot
g) down stairs 1 foot, hops
h) adult gait established

Question 2

What is the cause of flat feet?

Answer 2

unsure

Tight TA possible

Question 3

How can flat footedness be assessed?

Answer 3

ankle dorsiflexion

Question 4

What causes intoeing?

Answer 4

femoral neck anterversion
internal tibial torsion
metatarsus adductus

Question 5

How does hip rotation change over time?

Answer 5

> 4 years = ligamentous laxity, unwinds slowly