Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Musculoskeletal > Tumours > Flashcards

Tumours Flashcards

(84 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

How can bone tumours be classified?

A 
Benign
Benign and locally aggressive
Malignant
Mets
Myeloma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How can bone tumours be classified?

A 
Benign
Benign and locally aggressive
Malignant
Mets
Myeloma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the benign tumours?

A

Osteochondroma
Chondroma
Osteoid osteoma
Chondroblastoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is an osteochondroma?

A

Exostosis
Cartliage capped bony projection
Continuous marrow cavity of underlying bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the Etiology of osteochondroma?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where do osteochondromas develop?

A

near epiphyses of lonog bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the cell of origin in an osteochondroma?

A

Chondrocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a chondroma?

A

enchondroma

hyaline cartliage tumour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where does chondroma occur?

A

medullary cavity of hands and feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the Etiology of chondroma?

A

young aduts

M>F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In what condition do you get
A)single chondroma
B)multiple chondroma?

A

A)Ollier’s

B)Mafucci’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Ollier’s disease?

A

rare developmental disorder
not hereditary
unilateral chondroma involving one extremity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is Maffucci’s Syndrome?

A

Multipple enchondromatosis with soft tissue and visceral haemangiomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which disease has more risk of malignancy, Ollier’s or Maffucci’s?

A

Maffucci’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the histological appearance of enchondroma?

A

lobules varying size
chondrocytes with small, round, pyknotic nuclei inside hyaline cartliage
no atypia
variable cellularity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the benign tumours?

A

Osteochondroma
Chondroma
Osteoid osteoma
Chondroblastoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is an osteochondroma?

A

Exostosis
Cartliage capped bony projection
Continuous marrow cavity of underlying bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the Etiology of osteochondroma?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where do osteochondromas develop?

A

near epiphyses of lonog bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the cell of origin in an osteochondroma?

A

Chondrocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is a chondroma?

A

enchondroma

hyaline cartliage tumour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where does chondroma occur?

A

medullary cavity of hands and feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the Etiology of chondroma?

A

young aduts

M>F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

In what condition do you get
A)single chondroma
B)multiple chondroma?

A

A)Ollier’s

B)Mafucci’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is Ollier's disease?
rare developmental disorder not hereditary unilateral chondroma involving one extremity
26
What is Maffucci's Syndrome?
Multipple enchondromatosis with soft tissue and visceral haemangiomas
27
Which disease has more risk of malignancy, Ollier's or Maffucci's?
Maffucci's
28
What is the histological appearance of enchondroma?
lobules varying size chondrocytes with small, round, pyknotic nuclei inside hyaline cartliage no atypia variable cellularity
29
Why must you evaluate enchondroma histologically?
distinguish from low grade chondrosarcoma
30
What is the Etiology of osteoid osteoma?
Children and young adults | M>F
31
Where is osteoid osteoma found?
femur tibia hands/feet axial skeleton (spine)
32
What is an osteoid osteoma?
osteoblastic tumour central core of vascular osteoid peripheral sclerotic zone
33
What are the clinical featuresof an osteoid osteoma?
dull pain worse at night relieved by aspirin or NSAIDs
34
What is the radiological appearance of osteoid osteoma?
radiolucent nidus | surrounded by reactive sclerosis in cortex of bone
35
What is the prognosis for osteoid osteoma?
resolve without treatment in 33 months
36
What is chondroblastoma?
``` cartliage tumour (rare) can exhibit aggressive behaiviour ```
37
Where is chondroblastoma found?
epiphysis of long bones
38
What is the Etiology of chondroblastoma?
20s
39
What is the radiological appearance of chondroblastoma?
spherical well defined osteolytic foci sometimes extends to subarticular bone, joint space, metaphysis
40
What is the histological appearance of chondroblastoma?
``` closely packed polygonal cells immature areas of chondroid low mitotic activity distinct cytoplasmic borders foci of CHICKEN WIRE calcification ```
41
How do you treat chondroblastoma?
biopsy curettage adjuvent liquid nitrogen
42
What tumours are benign but locally agressive?
Giant cell tumour Osteoblastoma Chordoma
43
What is the Etiology of giant cell tumours?
25-40yrs | F>M
44
What is the cell of origin for giant cell tumours?
osteoclasts
45
Where do giant cell tumours affect?
long bones | around knee
46
What is the radiological appearance of giant cell tumours?
Radiolucent increasing density towards periphery destoys medullary cavity and adjacent cortex May expand into soft tissue
47
What is the gross appearance of giant cell tumour?
Irregular Haemorrhagic mass epiphyseal region of proximal femur
48
What is the histological appearance of giant cell tumour?
multinucleated giant cells | in a see of round to oval mononuclear cells
49
What is an osteoblastoma?
selflimited tumour | producesosteoid and bone
50
Where are osteoblastomas found?
metaphysis or diaphysis of long bone
51
What is the histological appearance of osteoblastoma?
irregular spicules of mineralised bone and osteoid surrounded by osteoblasts vascular stroma with pleomorphic spindle cells osteoid and woven bone seen
52
How do you treat osteoblastoma?
Curettage intralesional excision en bloc resection (all surgical resection)
53
What is Chordoma?
rare tumour | from notocord remnants
54
What is the Etiology of chordoma?
40+ | F>M (2x)
55
What is Chordoma?
rare tumour from notocord remnants locally destructive and invasive
56
Where do chordomas occur?
midline | often in sacrum
57
What is the macroscopic appearance of chordoma?
soft, blue grey lobulated tumour gelatinous translucent area often capsule present
58
Where does a chordoma invade to?
nerve roots in sacral plexus | out sciatic notch in planes of least resistance
59
What is the radiological appearance of chordoma?
psolitary midline lesion bony destruction 50% focal calcifications CT and MRI for soft tissue component
60
What is the histological appearance of chordoma?
lobules and fibrous septa | malignant cells has eosinophillic cytoplasm and prominent vacuoles of mucus push nuclei to the side
61
How do you treat chordoma?
radiation chemotherapy for late stage difficult to resect
62
What are the malignant bone tumours?
osteosarcoma chondrosarcoma Ewing's sarcoma
63
What is the commonest primary malignant bone tumour?
osteosarcoma
64
What is osteosarcoma?
malignant osteoblasts forming osteoid rapidly growing mitotically active
65
What is the Etiology of osteosarcoma?
F (x1.5)
66
Where does osteosarcoma affect?
distal femur proximal tibia proximal humerus
67
How do you diagnose osteosarcoma?
nuclear atypia hyperchromasia high mitotic rate OSTEOID PRODUCTION
68
What are the three histological variants of osteosarcoma?
osteoblastic chondroblastic fibroblastic
69
How do you treat osteosarcoma?
``` biopsy CT bone scan Preop chemo surgical resection post op chemo ```
70
What is chondrosarcoma?
primary bone tumour pure hyaline cartilage differentiation MALIGNANT CHONDROCYTES
71
What is the macroscopic appearance of chondrosarcoma?
nodules eroding extending from bone
72
What is the histological appearance of chondrosarcoma?
lamellar bone infiltration obliterated marrow nodules separated by fibrous bands
73
How do you treat chondrosarcoma?
Wide surgical resection | limited chemo and radio
74
What is a Ewings sarcoma?
highly malignant | peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumour (PNET)
75
Where do ewing's sarcomas occur?
Metaphysis and diaphysis of femur, tibia then humerus
76
What is the Etiology of Ewing's sarcoma?
20s | M>F (x1.5)
77
What is the gross appearance of Ewing's sarcoma?
irregular tan to red to brown mass breaking through cortex
78
What is the treatment for ewing's sarcoma?
surgery radiation chemo post op chemo
79
What cancers mets to bone?
``` thyroid breast lung (sc) kidney prostate gastric malignant melanoma neuroblastoma ```
80
What kind of bone lesions do mets cause?
osteolytic | osteosclerotic (prostate)
81
What is multiple myeloma?
malignant proliferation of plasma cells in bone marrow
82
What is the Etiology of malignant myeloma?
old age | renal failure
83
What is the result of multiple myeloma?
destruction of axial skeleton
84
What is the histological appearance of multiple myeloma?
abnormal plasma cells in marrow poorly differentiated may resemble normal plasma cells

Musculoskeletal (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions