Chile+

Question 1

Generally speaking the vineyards of Chile have a ________1__________ climate. The ______2___, ____3____ growing season ensures that the grapes reliably ripen and fungal diseases are kept to a minimum.

Answer 1

1= warm Mediterranean 
2= dry
3= sunny

Question 2

In most places the shortfall in rainwater can be made up for with ____1______. However, water for 1 is in increasingly short supply. Conditions become cooler and wetter in the _______2_______.

Answer 2

1= irrigation 
2= Southern Regions

Question 3

______1____ and ____2____ are weather patterns that can affect Chile’s wine regions in some years. Rainfall levels can dramatically ____3___ during 1 years, whereas _____4____ may occur in 2 years. This cyclical weather phenomenon is experienced throughout the Pacific.

Answer 3

1= El Niño
2= La Niña
3= increase 
4= drought

Question 4

What are two cooling influences that moderate temperatures on the western and eastern edges of vineyard areas?
1= The cold _______________
2= cold air that _________________

Answer 4

1=Humboldt Current

2= descends from the mountains overnight

Question 5

The cold Humboldt Current flows up from ____1______ along the Chilean coast and the prevailing winds blow cool air inland along the river valleys. In areas very close to the coast this can also include ____2___. The cooling effect of these winds is strongest in the area where the coastal mountains are at their lowest, and in the parts of the valleys that lie closest to the Pacific.

Answer 5

1= Antarctica
南極大陸
2= fog

Question 6

In the vineyards in the ____1_____ of the ____2___ there is another cooling effect caused by cool air that ______________3______ overnight and can cause a large ______4___________. Between the two mountain ranges, the climate is more sheltered and the large expanses of flat land are easier to cultivate.

Answer 6

1= foothills
2= Andes
3= descends from the mountains 
4= diurnal temperature range

Question 7

_______1_____ and _____2____ grape growing and winemaking are widely practised by both large and small wine estates.

Answer 7

1= Sustainable
2= organic

Question 8

What are the 5 principal black varieties?

Answer 8

Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
Carmenere
Syrah
Pinot Noir

Question 9

What are the 2 principal white varieties?

Answer 9

Sauvignon Blanc

Chardonnay

Question 10

Chilean wine laws
Within Chile’s GI scheme the vineyard areas are divided into several ________1_______. There are four principal (______2____): Coquimbo, Aconcagua, Central Valley and Southern Region and these are divided into 13 better- known sub-regions.

Answer 10

1=(DOs)Denominaciones de Origen

2=regions

Question 11

Within Chile’s GI scheme the vineyard areas are divided into several DOs(Denominaciones de Origen). There are four principal regions: 1,2,3,4.

Answer 11

1= Coquimbo
2= Aconcagua
3= Central Valley
4= Southern Region

Question 12

(Law)
In 2012 a further degree of classification was announced, further dividing Chile’s wine regions. The new classification categorises vineyard sites according to their distance from the coast rather than their latitude. The following terms may appear on wine labels: _____1____(for coastal areas), _____2__________(the areas between the mountain ranges) and ____3___ (mountain areas).

Answer 12

1= Costa
2= Entre Cordilleras
3= Andes

Question 13

Costa(_____1_____), Entre Cordilleras(_________________2_________) and Andea(____3_________). It is important to note that these are complementary terms that the producer can chose to use in addition to the DO.

Answer 13

1= for coastal areas
2= the areas between the mountain ranges
3= mountain areas

Question 14

Black varieties have always accounted for the majority of the plantings in Chile. _________1_________ is the most planted grape variety of either colour.

Answer 14

1= Cabernet Sauvignon

Question 15

(Black Variety)
Inexpensive medium-bodied and fruity ________ has been very successful on export markets, but fuller-bodied, more complex versions can also be found.

Answer 15

Merlot

Question 16

Black variety
______1______ is a late ripening variety that is most successful in the warmest and sunniest sites. The wines are usually ____2___- bodied, often with ___3___ levels of tannin. 1 can have overtly herbaceous aromas when not fully ripe but good examples achieve a balance between black fruit character and herbal aromas. It is often thought of as Chile’s signature grape variety.

Answer 16

1= Carmenere
2= full
3= high

Question 17

Syrah is planted in a wide variety of sites and comes in a variety of styles. Wines from cooler coastal or northerly regions such as ______1_____ are lighter in body with peppery notes, whereas wines from hotter climates, such as _____2_________, display a greater intensity of black fruit flavours and fuller body.

Answer 17

1= Elqui Valley

2=Colchagua Valley

Question 18

Black variety

______1______is showing considerable promise in cooler locations such as the San Antonio and Casablanca Valleys.

Answer 18

1= Pinot Noir

Question 19

Sauvignon Blanc performs particularly well in cooler vineyard sites such as those of the ________1______ and ______2______ Valleys, which yield excellent wines with high acidity and intense fruity flavours. The wines tend to focus on ripe apple, citrus and tropical flavours, and sometimes display herbaceous notes. Some examples have added richness and texture from lees stirring and oak.

Answer 19

1= Casablanca
2= San Antonio

Question 20

Chardonnay
_______1______ in particular produces wines with structure, elegance and restraint, with ______2_______, _______3____ and many other regions also producing fine wines.

Answer 20

1= Limari
2= Aconcagua Valley
3= Casablanca Valley

Question 21

_______1_____region
1 borders onto the Atacama Desert and is currently the most northerly of Chile’s principal wine regions. There are three winemaking sub-regions here, _____2_____, ______3_____ and Choapa Valley.

Answer 21

1= Coquimbo
2= Elqui Valley
3= Limari Valley

Question 22

Coquimbo Region
=they all benefit from _____1________ and marked cooling influences either from _____2_____ or _____3_______. Some vineyards are now being planted at very high altitudes. The biggest challenge here is the lack of water. _____4_____ is essential but expensive because water is less plentiful here compared with some other regions.

Answer 22

1= brilliant sunshine
2= sea breezes
3= mountain air
4= Irrigation

Question 23

Coquimbo Region
______1_____ has already developed a reputation for Sauvignon Blanc and Syrah and ____2_______ is producing some of Chile’s best Chardonnay.

Answer 23

1= Elqui
2= Limari Valley

Question 24

______1_______ Region
Although well known, this is the second smallest wine region in Chile. It is divided into three sub-regions. List the three sub regions and a zone.

Answer 24

1= Aconcagua

Aconcagua Valley
Casablanca Valley
San Antonio Valley
Leyda Valley(zone)

Question 25

Aconcagua Region The _______1________ sub-regions is a steep sided narrow valley that enjoys some cooling influences from the ocean and the Andes Mountains. Nonetheless, the vineyards on the fertile valley floor between the coastal mountain range and the Andes offer some of the warmest growing conditions in Chile. It is a classic red wine area where _____2______ has long been the dominant grape variety although in recent years Syrah, which was pioneered in Chile in this Valley, has become increasingly important, together with Carmenere.

Answer 25

1=Aconcagua Valley | 2= Cabernet Sauvignon

Question 26

Aconcagua Region The ________1_______ and ______2__________ sub-regions are two neighbouring sub-regions. They both lie between the coastal mountains and the Pacific. They offer growers noticeable cooler sites thanks to ______3_____ and _____4______ that blow in off the ocean.

Answer 26

``` 1= Casablanca Valley 2= San Antonio Valley 3= morning fogs 4= afternoon winds ```

Question 27

Aconcagua Region Sauvignon Blanc has gained the greatest reputation particularly in ______1________ and its particularly cool _____2____ zone.

Answer 27

1=San Antonio Valley | 2= Leyda Valley

Question 28

Aconcagua Region (Casablanca Valley and San Antonio Valley sub-regions) Chardonnay is also widely planted and is capable of making fine wines here. _____1_____ is the most planted black variety and can produce wines with red berry fruit and herbal notes in the coolest sites. ____2____ is also successful, particularly in Casablanca Valley, where it is planted in the warmer vineyard sites in the east, giving well- structured wines with a peppery edge.

Answer 28

``` 1= Pinot Noir 2= Syrah ```

Question 29

_______1______ Region The 1 runs south from the capital Santiago to the sub-region of Itata Valley. This is warm flat regions is where the majority of Chilean vineyards have always been found. Grapes ripen easily and a lot of production is focused on inexpensive fruity wines often made from _____2___ and _____3_______.

Answer 29

``` 1= Central Valley 2= Merlot 3= Chardonnay ```

Question 30

The Central Valley Region is divided into four sub-regions: ______1_____, Rapel Valley, ____2_____ and _____3_____. Rapel is itself subdivided into two zones: _________ and _________.

Answer 30

``` 1= Maipo Valley 2= Curico Valley 3= Maule Valley Cachapoal Valley Colchagua Valley ```

Question 31

Central Valley Region _____1_____ sub-region Many of the more premium sites are located in the Andean foothills, which are cooled by the ________2_______, lending elegance and structure to the red wines. 1 has a reputation for Cabernet Sauvignon that can often have a particular minty character to it.

Answer 31

``` 1= Maipo Valley 2= descending air ```

Question 32

Central Valley Region(The Rapel sub-region) The more northerly _____1______ zone is warm area cut off from the ocean breezes. Carmenere ripens well on the Valley floors and Cabernet Sauvignon and Syrah perform well in the cooler eastern end of the valley.

Answer 32

1=Cachapoal Valley

Question 33

Central Valley region(Rapel sub-region) ______1________ zone is a larger and more varied area than ____2______ zone. The central part of this Valley is warm and open to some ocean influence. It is well known for full- bodied reds, particularly Cabernet Sauvignon, but also Syrah and Carmenere.

Answer 33

``` 1= Colchagua Valley 2= Cachapoal Valley ```

Question 34

Central Valley Region The _____1______ and ______2______ sub- regions form the southern end of Central Valley. The warmth and fertile soils make these the most important sources of fruit for inexpensive blended red and white wines. The vineyards in 2 are cooler than those of 1 and the wines retain a higher acidity, which can be a useful ingredient when blending.

Answer 34

``` 1= Curico Valley 2= Maule Valley ```

Question 35

______1______ Region This Region has three sub-regions: Itata Valley, Bio Bio Valley and Malleco Valley. The climate here becomes cooler and wetter the further south they are located. But Bio Bio Valley has started to show great promise for Pinot Noir, Chardonnay and aromatic varieties.

Answer 35

1= Southern