China

Question 0

Mandate of Heaven

Answer 0

Right to rule as seen by ole drive ancestral wisdom that guided the empire from the heavens above

Question 1

Dynastic cyle

Answer 1

Long periods of rule by a family followed by periods of chaos as a new family/dynasty took power. Legitimacy determined by the Mandate of Heaven

Question 2

Revolution of 1911

Answer 2

Made Chinese republic led by Sun Yat-Sen.It’s democratic with legitimacy from popular government.

Question 3

Mao Zedong

Answer 3

Overthrew republic of China against Chaing Kai-shek during the long march. Established the People’s Republic of China. Founded CCP.

Question 4

Maoism

Answer 4

Is idealistic and egalitarian (equality). Preserve peasant class. Stay connected to peasants through mass line. Values- collectivism-struggle and activism -mass line - egalitarianism -self reliance

Question 5

Mass line

Answer 5

Top leaders stay connected to peasants through mass line. Without it, questionable legitimacy.

Question 6

Central military commission

Answer 6

Represents military in PRC. Part in policy making.

Question 7

Democratic centralism

Answer 7

Leader makes decisions that cannot be questioned.

Question 8

Zhongguo

Answer 8

Means Middle Kingdom. Thought that China was the center of civilization and they were superior and no one else had anything to offer them. Challenged after imperialist powers exploited weaknesses.

Question 9

Deng Xiaoping Theory

Answer 9

Mix of authoritarian political control and economic privatization. Cat black or white quote.

Question 10

Collectivism

Answer 10

Values good of communism above individuals suited peasant based communities.

Question 11

Long March

Answer 11

1934-1936 Chiang Kai-shek chased Mao Zedong across China.

Question 12

Patron-clientelism

Answer 12

Informal relationships define each change in leadership (version of patron-clientelism)

Question 13

Hegemony

Answer 13

Control of surrounding countries

Question 14

Spheres of Influence

Answer 14

Britain, France, Germany, and Japan carved China into these spheres for economic benefit.

Question 15

Nationalist party

Answer 15

Founded by Chiang Kai-shek

Question 16

Two China’s

Answer 16

After long march Mao took China and Chiang made Taiwan

Question 17

The Great Leap Forward 1958-1966

Answer 17

Tried to free China from soviet domination. 4 principles: -all around development -mass mobilization -political unanimity and zeal -decentralization. Mao allowed Deng and Liu Shaoqi to implement these policies.

Question 18

All around development

Answer 18

Heavy industry and agriculture

Question 19

Mass mobilization

Answer 19

Turn number of people into an asset. Reduce unemployment, better motivation, harder work.

Question 20

The cultural revolution 1966-1976

Answer 20

Mao wanted to purify party and the country through: the ethic of struggle, mass line, collectivism, egalitarianism, unstinting service to society. Wanted to remove everything from old China (particularly emphasis on inequality). Destroyed universities and libraries.

Question 21

Factions after Mao’s death in 1976

Answer 21

Radicals- led by Mao’s wife, Jiang Qing (member of Gang of Four)
Military- led by Lin Biao
Moderates- led by Zhou Enlai. Economic modernization and limited outside contact.

Question 22

Four Modernizations

Answer 22

Deng Xiaoping’s vision. Invented by Zhou Enlai: industry, agriculture, science, and the military. Experienced economic liberalization.

Question 23

Economic Liberalization

Answer 23

Private ownership and other capitalist ideas.

Question 24

Open Door trade policy

Answer 24

Trade with everyone to boost economy.

Question 25

Reforms in education

Answer 25

Higher academic standards and education levels.

Question 26

Institutionalizations of the Revolution

Answer 26

Restore legal system and bureaucracy of old China, decentralize government, and infuse capitalism.

Question 27

Important Chinese leaders from 1900-present

Answer 27

``` Sun Yat-Sen Chiang Kai-shek Mao Zedong Deng Xiaoping Jiang Zemin Hi Jinato Xi Jinping ```

Question 28

Autonomous regions

Answer 28

Self government in some matters | Guangxi, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Tibet, Xinjiang

Question 29

Cleavages

Answer 29

Region Language Urban/Rural

Question 30

"A new socialist countryside"

Answer 30

Prime minister Wen Jiabao new program in 2006 to grow lagging economy

Question 31

Cadres

Answer 31

During Maoist era, careers depended on CCP

Question 32

Technocrats

Answer 32

People with technical training climbed ladder of party bureaucracy

Question 33

NGO's

Answer 33

Increased citizen's voice in government

Question 34

Characteristics of The Great Leap Forward

Answer 34

Mass mobilization All around development Political unanimity and zeal Decentralization

Question 35

The Cultural Revolution principles

Answer 35

``` The ethic of struggle Mass line Collectivism Egalitarianism Unstinting service to society ```