Iran

Question 0

Zoroastranianism

Answer 0

religion of persia

Question 1

secularization

Answer 1

seperation of church and government

Question 2

Shiism

Answer 2

split of islam, said leader should be a descendant of Muhammad

Question 3

Sunni

Answer 3

choose leader from accepted leaders

Question 4

Imams

Answer 4

descendant of Ali (Muhammad’s son in law)

Question 5

Hidden Imam

Answer 5

child went missing and was known as hidden imam

Question 6

Pahlavi shahs

Answer 6

means King of Kings ruled 1925 to 1979 in attempted secularized state

Question 7

Ayatollah Khomeini

Answer 7

became new leader of Iran and established a theocracy

Question 8

Revolution of 1979

Answer 8

led by Ayatollah Khomeini and established theocracy based on sharia law and shiism principle

Question 9

Constitution of 1979

Answer 9

mix of theocracy and democracy and established theocracy

Question 10

Jurist’s Guardianship

Answer 10

senior clergy power over widows, orphans, mentally unstable, later power over entire community

Question 11

Qom

Answer 11

city south of Tehran, conflict between people’s sovereignty and clerical rule, seminaries in Qom

Question 12

Sharia

Answer 12

islamic law and is source of legitimacy

Question 13

Iran

Answer 13

theocracy and is 90% shiite

Question 14

Safavid Empire

Answer 14

began 16th century, converted to shiism

Question 15

People of the Book

Answer 15

monotheistic people subjected to holy booksp

Question 16

Qajars

Answer 16

turkish group and conquered Iran after Safavid empire was overrun by afghan tribesman

Question 17

Constitutional Revolution of 1905-1909

Answer 17

began with businesses and banks demonstrating against giving customs collections to europeans, in 1906 demanded a constitution, had direct elections separation of powers laws made by elected legislature popular sovereignty and a bill of rights

Question 18

Guardian Council

Answer 18

clerics had power to veto any legislation

Question 19

Tudeh Party

Answer 19

means masses, communist, challenged shah, support from working class trade unions

Question 20

National Front

Answer 20

led by Muhammad Mosaddeq, support from middle class who emphasized Iranian nationalism, wanted to nationalize British owned company that monopolized Iranian oil and remove military from shah control

Question 21

Muhammad Mosaddeq

Answer 21

leader if National Front, elected PM in 1951and forced Shah out of country in 1953, UK and US overthrew and put shah back in power

Question 22

Rentier Economy/State

Answer 22

is heavily supported by state expenditure while the state receives rent from other countries

Question 23

Import Substitution Industrialization

Answer 23

encourage domestic industries to provide products that the population needed, oil provided 97% of Iran’s foreign exchange

Question 24

White Revolution

Answer 24

focused on land reform, gov buys land and sells to small farmers at affordable price, secularized Iran more by giving voting rights to women,

Question 25

Pahlavi Foundation

Answer 25

patronage system controlled large companies that fed pocketbooks of the shah

Question 26

Resurgence Party

Answer 26

1975, Muhammad Reza Shah announced formation of resurgence party and declared Iran one party state with him as leader,

Question 27

Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini

Answer 27

Great Satan, resentment towards elites,new meaning to jurists guardianship

Question 28

Fundamentalism

Answer 28

literal interpretation of Islamic texts, social conservatism and political traditionalism

Question 29

Revolution of Rising Expectations

Answer 29

revolutions occur when people do better than before, then a setback happens,

Question 30

Assembly of Religious Experts

Answer 30

73 man assembly of clerics elected by the people, drew up constitution of 1979

Question 31

Cultural Revolution

Answer 31

similar to Mao's, purify country of secular values

Question 32

Ali Khamenei

Answer 32

succeeded Khomeini

Question 33

White coup

Answer 33

Ahmadinejad's bloodless coup of reformists

Question 34

Ethinicty

Answer 34

51% persian 24% Azeri 8% Gilaki and Mazandarian 7 % kurds 3% Arabi

Question 35

Muhammad Khatami (1998-2005)

Answer 35

President, experienced Tehran spring (cautious political liberalization)

Question 36

Muhammad Ahmadinejad

Answer 36

came to power in 2005, censored media, no demonstrations, arrested scholars,

Question 37

Mir Hossein Mousavi

Answer 37

ran against Ahmadinejad

Question 38

Equality-with-differences

Answer 38

divorce and custody favor males, must be accompanied by a male relative, some school and jobs,