Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Mammalian Diversity > Chiroptera > Flashcards

Chiroptera Flashcards

(63 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What group of organisms are found within the order Chiroptera ?

A

Bats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Give the distribution of bats across the globe.

A

Found across most of the world

Species rich near the equator.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

State how many species have currently been described.

A

1100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Give the 2 new suborders of the Chiroptera

A

Yinpterochrioptera

Yangochiroptera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is contained in the new sub order Yinpterochrioptera.

A

Pteropodidae, horseshoe bats and relatives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

List some key characteristics of species in the Yinpterochiroptera

A 
Big eyes, small ears 
Orientate visually
Overall, do not echolocate
Large size 
(1.5 kg wingspan 1.7m)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is unusual about the genus Rousettus, in Yinpterochiroptera ?

A

It uses echolocation, by clicking its tongue against the side of its mouth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is contained in the new suborder Yangochiroptera.

A

Remainder of the Microchiroptera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

List some key characteristics of the species in the Yangochiroptera

A

Very small
Bumble bee bat- 2g
Laryngeal echolocation for orientation and prey detection/

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Bats are paraphyletic, true or false ?

A

False, Monophyletic

Clade consists of all ancestral species and descendants.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

There are many theories surrounding echolocation in bats, State one of them.

A

Echolocation was present in early bats but was later lost in the Pteropodidae. (Yinpterochrioptera)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the date of the first bat fossils.

A

55 million years ago

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What in these early fossils of bats suggests that these ancestors used echolocation ?

A

Well developed Cochlea structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The fossil Onychonycteris finneyi had claws on all digits, why is this ?

A

Enabled this organism to climb up trees, Crucial feature for the movement from terrestrial living.
Over time, evolved to one thumb claw.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why did echolocation develop ?

A

As a means of flight orientation and prey capture.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The wing is a modification of….

A

The pendactyl limb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Bats are not the only mammals capable of powered flight

True or false ?

A

False, Sugar gliders can also fly but this is not powered.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does a bats wing shape determine ?

A

Flight speed and manoeuvrability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe the wing adaptions of a fast flying bat and explain why this effects where they hunt

A

Long narrow wings
Limited drag on wind
High wing loading

But limited Manoeuvrability
Need large space to hut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Describe the wing adaptions of a bat species which hunts in a forest and explain how this effects speed.

A

Low aspect ratio
Low wing loading
Good Manoeuvrability to hunt in a small space.

But Slow flight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is wing loading ?

A

Weight to wing area ratio.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the main diet of bats ?

A

70% are insectivorous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How are bats able to detect small objects via echolocation ?

A

Use high frequencies, giving short wavelengths which can detect insects.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How do bats capture prey once they have detected it via echolocation ?

A

Catch prey in flight,

Wings and tail membranes help increase the capture area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
How have insects evolved to counter the accuracy of bat echolocation ?
Evolution of ears sensitive to sound
26
If the echolocation of the bat is low, how will the insect avoid capture ?
Will simply turn in the opposite direction
27
If the echolocation of the bath is high, how will the insect avoid capture ?
Will power spiral out of the flight path to avoid detection
28
On what surface is echolocation ineffective on ?
Complex surfaces,
29
How do gleaning species capture prey ?
Have large ears to hear prey generated sounds (wing beat) | Will fly close to the ground and grab prey
30
What is Frugivory ?
The consumption of fruit as a food source
31
How are bats important in seed dispersal ?
Frugivorous bats will consume the fruit and disperse the seeds.
32
How did Frugivory in bats evolve ?
Consumption of Insects Capture of insects from rotting fruit. Then ate insects and Fruit Finally evolved to species on fruit
33
What dental adaption of bats enabled Frugivory ?
Evolution of Crushing molars to process fruit.
34
What is Nectarivory ?
The consumption of nectar from flowers for energy, Bats will also have a key role in pollination.
35
What are the dietary benefits of consuming nectar and pollen ?
Good balance of carbohydrate and protein.
36
Flowers that are consumed by bats will have modified appendages, describe these,
Some flowers have evolved acoustic guides | Limited colour as bats active at night.
37
What adaption of bats enables them to consume nectar ?
Elongated tongues to drink nectar.
38
How did nectarivory evolve ?
From insectivory, insects visit flowers, began to consume insects and flowers. Finally just moved to consumption of Flowers.
39
What is Piscivory ?
A dietary reliance on fish
40
How does the bat use echolocation for Piscivory ?
The bat detects ripples on the water surface using echolocation Will then fly close to the water and seize prey
41
Can echolocation penetrate the water ?
No, relies on the fish coming to the surface.
42
Give the morphological adaptions of bats to Piscivory.
Large feet with long toes to enable trawling | Can catch prey without wetting wings.
43
What habitat requirements do piscivores have ?
Calm bodies of water as rely on ripples | Lakes or quiet coastal bay
44
Give a species of Piscivore bat.
Greater Bulldog Bat
45
Describe the dietary content of carnivorous bats
Small mammals, Geckos, other bats
46
Describe how the frog eating bat locates prey.
Listens to its mating calls to locate prey | Able to distinguish if species is poisonous or edible.
47
What is Sanguivory ?
The dietary consumption of blood
48
How many species of vampire bat exist ?
3 Hairy-legged vampire bat White-winged vampire bat Common Vampire Bat
49
How did Sanguivory evolve ?
From insectivory | Feeding on the flies that congregate around wounds
50
How do Vampire bats feed ?
After putting the bite on an animal, the vampire bat laps up the flowing blood with its tongue. Its saliva prevents the blood from clotting. (anticoagulants)
51
If vampire bats are successful, how much blood can they drink in one night ?
Half its body mass
52
Describe the roosting patterns of vampire bats
Small groups of females will associate in roosts | Either relatives or long term reliable roosters
53
Vampire bats need to feed every 3 days or will die, What happens when a vampire bat feed is unsuccessful ?
If one female is unsuccessful in obtaining blood, others will regurgitate. Females who are regurgitated to will later return the favour
54
How is social grooming important in sanguivore bats ?
Occurs between roost mates | Use it to work out who has had a full feed and who requires reguritation
55
How does kin selection explain regurgitation in vampire bat colonies ?
Vampire bats live in Matrilineal structures | Roost mate will usually be a relative, ensure survival of similar genes
56
What is a matrilineal structure ?
Found in vampire bat colonies Related females will feed in the same area (female based colony)
57
How do vampire bats ensure a 'friendly colony' ?
Females will return to the natal area to give birth at maternity colonies Grandmother, mother and daughter all breed with the same male
58
Give the life expectancy of the greater horseshoe bat.
30 years
59
Bats in temperate zones exhibit heterothermy, What does this mean ?
They are able to alter their temperature to the environment | Will Hibernate
60
Describe the hibernation pattern of the greater horseshoe bat
Will hibernate for up to 12 days at a time Arouse periodically to drink, feed, move, roost and defecate Arousals are energetically costly, Boost immune system ?
61
Do all bats use echolocation ?
Used by all bats except most Pteropodidae for orientation
62
What frequencies of echolocation do most species of bat use ?
Most species use frequencies 20-60 kHz, range (11-212 kHz)
63
There is a wide range of echolocation signal designs, Give 2 and there advantages
Frequency-modulated signals (good for localisation) Constant-frequency signals (Good for detecting and classifying insect targets.)

Mammalian Diversity (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions